VLSI

4 Four-State Hybrid Spintronics–StraintronicsExtremely Low-Power Information Processing with Multiferroic Nanomagnets Possessing Biaxial Anisotropy

Noel D’Souza, Jayasimha Atulasimha and Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

Contents

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Clocking Nanomagnetic Logic

4.3 Clocking Nanomagnetic Logic with Multiferroic Nanomagnets

4.4 Four-State Nanomagnets Implemented with Biaxial Anisotropy

4.5 Achieving Biaxial Anisotropy in Nanomagnets

4.5.1 Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy

4.5.2 Shape Anisotropy

4.6 Applications of Nanomagnets with Biaxial Anisotropy

4.6.1 Memory

4.6.2 Universal Logic Gates

4.6.3 Logic Propagation

4.6.4 Image Reconstruction and Pattern Recognition

4.6.5 Neuromorphic Computing

4.7 Summary and Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References ...