Chapter Summary
Frequency tables display the distribution of a categorical variable by showing the counts associated with each category. Relative frequencies show the proportions or percentages. Bar charts summarize graphically the counts of the categories, and pie charts or doughnut charts summarize the proportions of data in the categories. Doughnut charts are pie charts with the center removed. These charts must obey the area principle. The area principle requires that the share of the plot region devoted to a category is proportional to its frequency in the data. A bar chart arranged with the categories ordered by size is sometimes called a Pareto chart. When showing the bar chart for an ordinal variable, keep the labels sorted in their natural ...
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