A Framework of International Business

• Parallel importation. See Gray market activity

• Parent country nationals (PCNs), 279, 281, 282e

• Parent’s perspective, 114

• Partners, 47, 132. See also Foreign partners

  • family conglomerates as, 133–134, 133e

• Patents, 67

• Payments, 65, 107, 113, 190e, 221

  • cash in advance as, 190–191

  • countertrade, 179

  • letters of credit as, 191

  • open account, 189–192

• PCNs. See Parent country nationals

• Pegged exchange rate system, 108

• Per capita income, 129–130, 130e

• Performance appraisal, 286–287

• Per-unit-cost advantage, 30

• Political freedom, 83–85, 84e

• Political instability, 131

• Political systems, 81

  • country risks from, 87–88

  • definition of, 80, 81e

  • democracy, 82–83

  • economic systems related to, 83–85, 84e

• Political union, 17e

• Polychronic perspective, of culture, ...