When Numbers Don’t Add Up

CHAPTER 3

C R I M E L—33 International Stories of Accounting Fraud

The author introduced and summarized the key findings from his C R I M E L model in the last chapter. The author’s major contribution is the “Learning” that was garnered through the 33 case studies, and this learning is documented in Table 3.1. This is for the benefit of accountants, auditors, fraud investigators, researchers, and accounting students so that their “fraud brains” are deepened, and they can better detect, prevent, and challenge accounting fraud.

Table 3.1 Complete learnings from 33 case studies

Company Location	Industry	Learning
United States	Transport	Board could have prevented management override of internal controls Enhance internal audit function based ...