Wearable Sensors

Table of contents

1. Cover image
2. Title page
3. Copyright
4. List of Contributors
5. Introduction
6. Chapter 1.1. Wearables: Fundamentals, Advancements, and a Roadmap for the Future
   1. 1 World of Wearables (WOW)
   2. 2 Attributes of Wearables
   3. 3 Textiles and Clothing: The Meta-Wearable
   4. 4 Challenges and Opportunities
   5. 5 The Future of Wearables: Defining the Research Roadmap
   6. References
7. Chapter 1.2. Social Aspects of Wearability and Interaction
   1. 1 Introduction
   2. 2 Social Interpretation of Aesthetics
   3. 3 Adoption of Innovation and Aesthetic Change
   4. 4 On-Body Interaction: Social Acceptance of Gesture
   5. 5 Case Study: Google Glass
   6. 6 Conclusion
   7. References
8. Chapter 1.3. Wearable Haptics
   1. 1 Introduction
   2. 2 The Need for Wearable Haptic Devices
   3. 3 Categories of Wearable Haptic and Tactile Display
   4. 4 Display of Friction and Weight Illusions Based on Fingertip Manipulation
   5. 5 A Wearable Sensorimotor Enhancer
   6. 6 Conclusions
   7. References
9. Chapter 2.1. Wearable Bio and Chemical Sensors
   1. 1 Introduction
   2. 2 System Design
   3. 3 Challenges in Chemical Biochemical Sensing
   4. 4 Application Areas
   5. 5 Conclusions
   6. Acknowledgment
   7. References
10. Chapter 2.2. Wearable Inertial Sensors and Their Applications
    1. 1 Introduction
    2. 2 Wearable Inertial Sensors
    3. 3 Obtained Parameters from Inertia Sensors
    4. 4 Applications for Wearable Motion Sensors
    5. 5 Practical Considerations for Wearable Inertial Sensor Applications in Clinical Practice and Future Research Directions
    6. References
11. Chapter 2.3. Application of Optical Heart Rate Monitoring
    1. 1 Introduction
    2. 2 Photoplethysmography Basics
    3. 3 Applications
    4. 4 Conclusion and Outlook
    5. Nomenclature
    6. Acknowledgments
    7. References
12. Chapter 2.4. Measurement of Energy Expenditure by Body-worn Heat-flow Sensors
    1. 1 Introduction
    2. 2 Energy Expenditure Background
    3. 3 Examples of Body-Worn Devices
    4. 4 Design Considerations
    5. 5 Performance
    6. 6 Validations
    7. 7 Conclusion
    8. References
13. Chapter 3.1. Knitted Electronic Textiles
    1. 1 From Fibers to Textile Sensors
    2. 2 The Interlaced Network
    3. 3 Textile Sensors for Physiological State Monitoring
    4. 4 Biomechanical Sensing
    5. 5 Non-Invasive Sweat Monitoring by Textile Sensors
    6. 6 Smart Fabrics and Interactive Textile Platforms for Remote Monitoring
    7. 7 System for Remote Rehabilitation
    8. 8 Systems for Emotional State Assessment
    9. 9 Conclusions
    10. References
14. Chapter 3.2. Woven Electronic Textiles
    1. 1 Introduction
    2. 2 Textiles
    3. 3 Applications
    4. 4 Summary
    5. References
15. Chapter 3.3. Flexible Electronics from Foils to Textiles: Materials, Devices, and Assembly
    1. 1 Introduction
    2. 2 Thin-Film Transistors: Materials and Technologies
    3. 3 Review of Semiconductors Employed in Flexible Electronics
    4. 4 Thin-Film Transistors Based on a-IGZO
    5. 5 Further Improvements and Limitations
    6. 6 Plastic Electronics for Smart Textiles
    7. 7 Outlook and Conclusions
    8. References
16. Chapter 4.1. Energy Harvesting at the Human Body
    1. 1 Introduction to Energy Harvesting Systems
    2. 2 Energy Harvesting from Temperature Gradient at the Human Body
    3. 3 Energy Harvesting from Foot Motion
    4. 4 Wireless Energy Transmission
    5. 5 Energy Harvesting from Light
    6. 6 Energy and Power Consumption Issues
    7. 7 Conclusions and Future Considerations
    8. Supplemental Material: Energy Harvesting at the Human Body
    9. References for the Supplemental Material
    10. References
17. Chapter 4.2. Introduction to RF Energy Harvesting
    1. 1 RF Energy Harvesting Fundamentals and Practical Limitations
    2. 2 Impedance Mismatch, Losses, and Efficiency
    3. 3 Distribution of Harvested Power in a Realistic Environment
    4. 4 Charge Pump Rectifier Topologies
    5. 5 Effect of Load and Source Variations
    6. 6 Antenna-Rectifier Co-Design
    7. 7 Conclusion
    8. Acknowledgement
    9. References
18. Chapter 4.3. Low-Power Integrated Circuit Design for Wearable Biopotential Sensing
    1. 1 Introduction
    2. 2 Biopotential Signals and Their Characteristics
    3. 3 Electrode-Body Interface and Electrode Noise
    4. 4 Low-Power Analog Circuit Design Techniques for Biopotential Sensors
    5. 5 Low-Power Design for ADCs
    6. 6 Low-Power Digital Circuit Design Techniques
    7. 7 Architectural Design for Low-Power Biopotential Acquisition
    8. 8 Practical Considerations
    9. 9 Conclusion
    10. References
19. Chapter 5.1. Wearable Algorithms: An Overview of a Truly Multi-Disciplinary Problem
    1. 1 Introduction
    2. 2 Why Do Wearable Sensors Need Algorithms?
    3. 3 What are Wearable Algorithms?
    4. 4 Wearable Algorithms: State-of-the-Art and Emerging Techniques
    5. 5 Conclusions
    6. References
20. Chapter 5.2. Mining Techniques for Body Sensor Network Data Repository
    1. 1 Introduction
    2. 2 Machine Learning Approaches to Data Mining
    3. 3 Mining BSN Data
    4. 4 Data Representation
    5. 5 Comparison Metric
    6. 6 Classifier
    7. 7 Data-Mining Model
    8. 8 Experimental Results
    9. 9 Conclusion and Recommendations
    10. Acknowledgment
    11. References
21. Chapter 5.3. Modeling Physical Activity Behavior Change
    1. 1 Introduction – Physical Activity Monitoring Capabilities
    2. 2 Physical Activity Body Sensor Technology
    3. 3 Modeling Physical Activity
    4. 4 Behavior-Change Theories Relevant to Physical Activity Interventions
    5. 5 Conclusion
    6. References
22. Chapter 6.1. Human Body Communication for a High Data Rate Sensor Network
    1. 1 Capacitive-Coupling Communication Through Human Body
    2. 2 Channel Properties of Human Body
    3. 3 Effects of Electrode’s Structure
    4. 4 Transmission Scheme of Human Body Communication
    5. 5 Analog Front-End for Human Body Communication
    6. 6 Performance of the Analog Front-End
    7. 7 Commercialization of Human Body Communication and its Challenges
    8. References
23. Chapter 6.2. Channel Models for On-Body Communications
    1. 1 Introduction
    2. 2 IEEE 802.15.6 TG6 Standard Models
    3. 3 Independent Studies
    4. 4 Conclusions
    5. Acknowledgements
    6. References
24. Chapter 6.3. Trust Establishment in Wireless Body Area Networks
    1. 1 Introduction
    2. 2 WBAN Device Authentication Techniques
    3. 3 Secret Key Establishment in WBAN
    4. 4 Summary
    5. References
25. Chapter 6.4. Wireless Body Area Networks
    1. 1 Introduction
    2. 2 Evaluation Metrics
    3. 3 Technologies
    4. 4 Wearable Radios
    5. 5 Conclusions
    6. References
26. Chapter 7.1. Fundamentals of Wearable Sensors for the Monitoring of Physical and Physiological Changes in Daily Life
    1. 1 Introduction
    2. 2 Wearable Sensors for Physiological Signal Measurement
    3. 3 Summary
27. Chapter 7.2. Wearing Sensors Inside and Outside of the Human Body for the Early Detection of Diseases
    1. 1 Introduction
    2. 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
    3. 3 Neurological Diseases
    4. 4 Gastrointestinal Diseases
    5. 5 Conclusion
    6. Acknowledgment
    7. References
28. Chapter 7.3. Wearable and Non-Invasive Assistive Technologies
    1. 1 Assistive Devices for Individuals with Severe Paralysis
    2. 2 Why Use the Tongue for Wearable Technology?
    3. 3 Wireless Tracking of Tongue Motion
    4. 4 Wearable Tongue Drive System
    5. 5 Sensor Signal-Processing Algorithm
    6. 6 Dual-Mode Tongue Drive System
    7. 7 Clinical Assessment
    8. 8 Future Directions
    9. References
29. Chapter 7.4. Detection and Characterization of Food Intake by Wearable Sensors
    1. 1 Introduction
    2. 2 Wearable Sensors
    3. 3 Signal Processing and Pattern-Recognition Methods for Automatic Detection of Food Intake
    4. 4 Methods for Characterization of Food Intake
    5. 5 Applications
    6. 6 Summary and Conclusions
    7. References
30. Index