The rainfall over the country is primarily orographic, associated with tropical depressions originating in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The summer monsoon accounts for more than 85 percent of the precipitation. The uncertainty of occurrence of rainfall, marked by prolonged dry spells and fluctuations in seasonal and annual rainfall, is a serious problem for the country. Large parts of Haryana, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu are not only in deficit in rainfall but also subject to large variations, resulting in frequent droughts. The water availability even for drinking purposes becomes critical, particularly in the summer months, as the rivers ...
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