PART IV

SEVEN BASIC FORCES FOR ORGANIZING

Sometimes it makes more sense to view organizations as a system of forces instead of a portfolio of forms. A number of salient forces pervade organizations. We need to understand them if we are to understand why organizations structure themselves as they do. Chapter 12 describes the force that prevails in each of the four forms, and Chapter 13 introduces three additional forces that can play significant roles in all four forms.

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