Chapter Four
1. For the analysis of the first law, we need enthalpy or internal energy that are extrinsic properties. For a single component system, there is no problem as to what reference is being used for their measurement. However, consider a system made of a mixture of different substances (having different references for measurement of these quantities) undergoing a chemical reaction, changing the chemical composition. In such a case, it is not possible to find out change in these properties. Therefore, a common reference needs to be prescribed. Heat of formation is the result of such attempts, and is defined as the heat produced in an exothermic (or absorbed in endothermic) reaction when a reaction occurs between its constituent elements ...
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