The R Book, 3rd Edition

2Technical Background

2.1 Mathematical functions

There are a number of definitions and rules that we will use frequently in the book. Let's assume that we have a variable , i.e. could take a range of possible values, and a constant :

• is raised to the power . If is an integer or whole number, then is multiplied by itself times;
• , representing exponential, is a number that is probably more ...