Topic 10
Orthogonality

Orthogonality is a critical concept if you want to produce systems that are easy to design, build, test, and extend. However, the concept of orthogonality is rarely taught directly. Often it is an implicit feature of various other methods and techniques you learn. This is a mistake. Once you learn to apply the principle of orthogonality directly, you'll notice an immediate improvement in the quality of systems you produce.

What Is Orthogonality?

A graph is shown at a different viewpoint. The horizontal axis represents east and the vertical axis represents north. Line 1 is drawn parallel to the vertical axis and line 2 is drawn parallel to the horizontal axis.

“Orthogonality'' is a term borrowed from geometry. Two lines are orthogonal if they meet at right angles, such as the axes on a graph. In vector terms, the two lines are independent ...

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