112 Chapter 3
If we use this thinking to extend the equation of motion so that its form does not
change even when a Lorentz transformation is used, it is apparent that mass, which had
been considered constant in Newtonian mechanics, is represented in a form similar to the
Lorentz transformation:
Here, m
0
, which is called the rest mass or invariant mass, is the mass measured in a
coordinate system at rest (v = 0).
Relationship Between Energy and Mass
In the same way, if we consider energy in a form that matches the Lorentz transformation, it
is represented as follows:
If we substitute the earlier relationship,
we derive the famous relationship between ...
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