The Handbook of World Englishes, 2nd Edition

The Handbook of World Englishes, 2nd Edition

by Cecil L. Nelson, Zoya G. Proshina, Daniel R. Davis
Released January 2020
Publisher(s): Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN: 9781119164210

Read it now on the O’Reilly learning platform with a 10-day free trial.

O’Reilly members get unlimited access to books, live events, courses curated by job role, and more from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers.

Start your free trial

Book description

The definitive reference work on World Englishes—fully revised, expanded, and updated

The Handbook of World Englishes is a collection of articles on the cross-cultural and transnational linguistic convergence and change of the English language. Now in its second edition, this Handbook brings together multiple theoretical, contextual, and ideological perspectives, and offers new interpretations of the changing identities of world Englishes (WE) speakers and examines the current state of the English language across the world. Thematically integrated contributions from leading scholars and researchers explore the expansion, modification, and adaptation of English in various settings and discuss the role of English in local, regional, and global contexts.

This highly regarded text has been fully updated throughout the new edition to reflect the current conditions, contexts, and functions of major varieties of English across the world. Significant revisions to topics—such as an overview of the varieties of modern world Englishes and the First Diaspora in Wales and Ireland—reflect expanded scholarship in the field and new directions of research. Each chapter from the first edition has been updated in content and citations, while 11 new chapters cover subjects including world Englishes testing and Postcolonial theory, as well as world Englishes in South America, Russia, Africa, China, Southeast Asia, the United States, and Canada.

  • Examines both traditional and contemporary perspectives on World Englishes
  • Written by international authors, experts in their respective fields
  • Emphasizes the historical development of the English language through a series of diasporas
  • Highlights research into a wide range of sociolinguistic contexts and processes including code switching, newly established WE varieties, and new data on Chinese and Russian Englishes
  • Explores future directions in WE research, development, and application

The Handbook of World Englishes is an essential resource for academics, researchers, practitioners, and advanced students in fields including applied linguistics, language teaching, the history of the English language, world literatures, and related social and language sciences.

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. List of Figures and Tables
    1. List of Figures
    2. List of Tables
  3. List of Contributors
  4. Preface to the Second Edition
    1. REFERENCES
  5. Preface to the First Edition
    1. REFERENCES
  6. Introduction: The World of World Englishes
    1. Part I: The historical context
    2. Part II: Variational contexts
    3. Part III: Acculturation
    4. Part IV: Crossing borders
    5. Part V: Grammar wars and standards
    6. Part VI: Ideology, identity, and constructs
    7. Part VII: World Englishes and globalization
    8. Part VIII: World Englishes and applied theory
    9. Part IX: Outlook for the future
    10. REFERENCES
  7. Part I: The Historical Context
    1. First Diaspora:
      1. 1 Beginnings
        1. 1 Beginnings
        2. 2 First Steps: Wales and Ireland
        3. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
        4. FURTHER READING
      2. 2 English in Scotland
        1. 1 Introduction
        2. 2 Historical Development of the Scottish Varieties
        3. 3 The Present‐Day Scottish‐English Linguistic Continuum
        4. 4 Problems of Definition, Terminology, and Status
        5. 5 Characteristics of Present‐Day Scottish English Varieties
        6. 6 Scottish English – Looking to the Future
        7. REFERENCES
        8. FURTHER READING
    2. Second Diaspora:
      1. 3 English in the United States
        1. 1 Introduction: American English in the context of World Englishes
        2. 2 Settlement history and the dialectal diffusion of American English
        3. 3 Research history
        4. 4 American English and its varieties
        5. 5 The growing impact of American English on other world Englishes
        6. 6 Conclusion
        7. REFERENCES
        8. FURTHER READING
      2. 4 English in Canada
        1. 1 Introduction
        2. 2 Research History
        3. 3 Settlement and Development Theories
        4. 4 Linguistic Autonomy
        5. 5 Linguistic homogeneity and Standard Canadian English
        6. 6 Regional Varieties
        7. 7 Social Varieties
        8. 8 Attitudes and Perception
        9. 9 Conclusion
        10. REFERENCES
        11. FURTHER READING
      3. 5 English in Australia and New Zealand
        1. 1 Introduction
        2. 2 Development
        3. 3 Descriptions
        4. 4 Current changes
        5. REFERENCES
        6. FURTHER READING
      4. 6 Caribbean Englishes
        1. 1 Introduction
        2. 2 Where Are Restructured Englishes of the Caribbean Spoken?
        3. 3 Different Scenarios for the Emergence of Englishes in the Atlantic Region
        4. 4 Basic Features of Restructured English in the Caribbean
        5. 5 Grammar
        6. 6 Lexicon
        7. 7 Word Formation
        8. 8 Phonology
        9. 9 Conclusion
        10. REFERENCES
    3. Third Diaspora:
      1. 7 South Asian Englishes
        1. 1 Introduction
        2. 2 English in South Asia
        3. 3 South Asian Englishes (SAEs)
        4. 4 Early Contact Varieties in South Asia
        5. 5 Main features of South Asian Englishes
        6. 6 Conclusion
        7. REFERENCES
        8. FURTHER READING
      2. 8 English in Southeast Asia
        1. 1 Introduction
        2. 2 The Historical and Sociopolitical Aspects of English in Southeast Asia
        3. 3 Linguistic Features of Outer Circle Englishes in Southeast Asia
        4. 4 Linguistic Features of Expanding Circle Englishes in Southeast Asia
        5. 5 Conclusion
        6. REFERENCES
      3. 9 Southern African Englishes
        1. 1 Introduction
        2. 2 The Forms of Southern African Englishes
        3. 3 The Functions of English in Southern Africa
        4. 4 Attitudes toward English in Southern Africa
        5. 5 Conclusion
        6. REFERENCES
      4. 10 African Englishes and Creative Writing
        1. 1 Introduction
        2. 2 The Current Study
        3. 3 The Context of English in Africa
        4. 4 The Form and Functions of African Englishes
        5. 5 The Work of Chinua Achebe
        6. 6 Ngũgĩ Wa Thiong’o’s, Nwapa’s, and Okara’s Writings
        7. 7 Motivations and Justifications for Creating in English
        8. 8 Conclusion
        9. REFERENCES
        10. FURTHER READING
    4. Fourth Diaspora:
      1. 11 South American Englishes and Englishes in South America
        1. 1 Introduction
        2. 2 The Ubiquitous Language School
        3. 3 The Historical Antecedent
        4. 4 The Uses of English
        5. 5 The Varieties
        6. 6 The Domains of Use and Functions of English
        7. 7 Creativity
        8. 8 The Englishization of Names
        9. 9 Uses in Advertising
        10. 10 Legal Domains
        11. 11 Needs of Higher Education
        12. 12 English and the Internet
        13. 13 The Other South America
        14. 14 Conclusion
        15. REFERENCES
        16. FURTHER READING
      2. 12 Euro‐Englishes
        1. 1 Introduction
        2. 2 Europe and Kachru’s World Englishes Paradigm
        3. 3 History of English in Europe
        4. 4 The Coining of “Euro‐English”
        5. 5 English Use on the Supranational Level
        6. 6 English Use on the National Level
        7. 7 Directions for Future Research
        8. REFERENCES
      3. 13 Russian Englishes
        1. 1 Introduction
        2. 2 Russian English as a multicultural term
        3. 3 Russian English as a Continuum Term
        4. 4 Russian English and Its Standards
        5. 5 Features of Russian English
        6. 6 Functions of Russian English
        7. 7 Englishization of Russian and Indigenous Languages
        8. 8 Conclusion
        9. REFERENCES
        10. FURTHER READING
      4. 14 East Asian Englishes
        1. 1 Introduction
        2. 2 China
        3. 3 Japan
        4. 4 Korea (Republic of Korea)
        5. 5 Taiwan (Republic of China)
        6. 6 Conclusion
        7. REFERENCES
      5. 15 English in the People’s Republic of China
        1. 1 Introduction
        2. 2 The status and functions of English in mainland China
        3. 3 Conclusion
        4. REFERENCES
        5. FURTHER READING
  8. Part II: Variational Contexts
    1. 16 Contact Linguistics and World Englishes
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Early Contact History
      3. 3 Sailors
      4. 4 Settlers and Traders
      5. 5 Missionaries
      6. 6 Soldiers
      7. 7 Teachers
      8. 8 Conclusion
      9. REFERENCES
      10. FURTHER READING
    2. 17 Pidgins and Creoles
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 What Are Creoles and Pidgins?
      3. 3 The Development of Creoles
      4. 4 Creolistics and General Linguistics
      5. 5 Conclusion
      6. REFERENCES
      7. FURTHER READING
    3. 18 African‐American English
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 The Descriptive Base of AAE
      3. 3 The Origin and Early Development of AAE
      4. 4 The Development of Contemporary AAE
      5. 5 Conclusion
      6. REFERENCES
      7. FURTHER READING
  9. Part III: Acculturation
    1. 19 Written Language, Standard Language, Global Language
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Standard Variety of a Language
      3. 3 Sociolinguistic Context and Language
      4. 4 Standard vs. Global Language
      5. 5 Strategies for Making Meaning
      6. 6 Innovations in Meaning Potential
      7. 7 Translation as a Process of Metaphor
      8. 8 English as Global and International Language
      9. 9 Conclusion
      10. REFERENCES
    2. 20 Speaking and Writing in World Englishes
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Speech Acts
      3. 3 Rhetorical Strategies in Writing
      4. 4 Conclusion
      5. REFERENCES
      6. FURTHER READING
    3. 21 Genres and Styles in World Englishes
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Genre
      3. 3 Style
      4. 4 World Englishes
      5. 5 Liberal vs. Conservative Genres
      6. 6 Conclusion
      7. REFERENCES
      8. FURTHER READING
  10. Part IV: Crossing Borders
    1. 22 The Literary Dimension of World Englishes
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 The Spread of English
      3. 3 Broadening Perspectives
      4. 4 The Response to English
      5. 5 Impulses behind the New English Writing
      6. 6 The Writer and the Milieu
      7. 7 Multilingual Context and Linguistic Innovations
      8. 8 New Contexts for English
      9. 9 Models for the Spread of English
      10. 10 Conclusion
      11. REFERENCES
      12. FURTHER READING
    2. 23 Bilingual Language Play and World Englishes
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Creativity, Bilingual Creativity, and Language Play
      3. 3 Formal Aspect: Techniques of Bilingual Language Play
      4. 4 The Semantics of Bilingual Language Play
      5. 5 Bilingual Language Play and the Status of English
      6. 6 Future Directions for Research
      7. 7 Conclusion
      8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      9. REFERENCES
      10. FURTHER READING
    3. 24 World Englishes and Issues of Intelligibility
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Defining Intelligibility
      3. 3 A Study of the Three Components
      4. 4 Conclusion
      5. REFERENCES
      6. FURTHER READING
      7. APPENDIX
    4. 25 World Englishes and Culture Wars
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Cassandras of English
      3. 3 Medium (Mādhyama) vs. Message (Mantra)
      4. 4 Exponents of Multiple Canonicity
      5. 5 Toward a Historiography of Canonicity
      6. 6 Approaches for Redefining Identities
      7. 7 The Outward Signs of Inward Fires
      8. 8 The War of Cultures and Canons
      9. 9 Conclusion
      10. REFERENCES
      11. FURTHER READING
  11. Part V: Grammar Wars and Standards
    1. 26 Grammar Wars
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 The Status of English vis‐à‐vis Latin
      3. 3 “Good Writing”’ versus “Good Grammar”
      4. 4 The Battle for a “Universal Grammar”
      5. 5 Grammarians and Marginal Groups
      6. 6 Conclusion
      7. REFERENCES
      8. FURTHER READING
    2. 27 Grammar Wars
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Grammar Wars over Theory
      3. 3 Grammar Wars over Usage
      4. 4 Conclusion
      5. REFERENCES
    3. 28 World Englishes and Descriptive Grammars
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Descriptive Grammar in Prescriptive and Historical Linguistic Traditions
      3. 3 World Englishes in Late Twentieth Century Descriptive Grammars
      4. 4 Theoretical Problems Inherited from Structuralism
      5. 5 Variationist Treatments of Grammar
      6. 6 Recent Developments in the Grammatical Description of World Englishes
      7. 7 Potential for the Grammatical Description of World Englishes
      8. REFERENCES
      9. FURTHER READING
    4. 29 World Englishes and Corpora Studies
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Electronic Corpora
      3. 3 The International Corpus of English
      4. 4 Corpus‐based Studies of World Englishes
      5. 5 Corpora and the Internet
      6. 6 The International Corpus of Learner English
      7. 7 Conclusion
      8. REFERENCES
      9. FURTHER READING
  12. Part VI: Ideology, Identity, and Constructs
    1. 30 Colonial/Postcolonial Critique
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Colonial Discourse and Postcolonial Critique
      3. 3 Orientalism and World Englishes
      4. 4 A Return to Liberal Humanism
      5. 5 Cultural and Linguistic Complexity
      6. 6 The Challenge from World Englishes
      7. 7 World Englishes Against Relativism
      8. 8 Beyond Orientalism
      9. REFERENCES
      10. FURTHER READING
    2. 31 Postcolonial Theory and World Englishes
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Conceptualizing Postcolonialism
      3. 3 Relation of Postcolonial Studies to World Englishes
      4. 4 The Concept of the Public Sphere
      5. 5 Metaphoric Selves and Postcolonial Studies
      6. 6 Hybridity
      7. 7 Conclusion
      8. REFERENCES
      9. FURTHER READING
    3. 32 Creative Acts of Gender in World Englishes
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 The Sociolinguistic Creativity of English and Gender
      3. 3 Relevance of English, Gender, and Power
      4. 4 The Power of English in Practice
      5. 5 Constructing Gender Identity in Spoken and Written Discourse
      6. 6 Bilingual Women’s Literary Creative Acts
      7. 7 Contextualizing Gender in Multimediums
      8. 8 Conclusion
      9. REFERENCES
      10. FURTHER READING
  13. Part VII: World Englishes and Globalization
    1. 33 World Englishes in the Media
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Approaches to Media Communication Analysis
      3. 3 Power and Ideology
      4. 4 Linguistic and Cultural Identities
      5. 5 Language Attitudes
      6. 6 Intelligibility and Linguistic Innovation
      7. 7 Electronic Media
      8. 8 Popular Music
      9. 9 Legislation
      10. 10 Directions for Future Research
      11. REFERENCES
      12. FURTHER READING
    2. 34 World Englishes and Global Advertising
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 English Users and Advertising
      3. 3 Key Issues
      4. 4 Approaches
      5. 5 Multiple Mixing and World Englishes
      6. 6 Laws and Regulations
      7. 7 World Englishes in Roman Scripts (Monoscripting) and Language Attitudes
      8. 8 Determinants and Functions of World Englishes
      9. 9 Globalization: Resolving the Global vs. Local Paradox
      10. 10 Conclusion
      11. REFERENCES
      12. FURTHER READING
    3. 35 World Englishes and Global Commerce
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 English and Professional Discourse in the Outer and Expanding Circles
      3. 3 Culture, Business Culture, and Englishes
      4. 4 Genre Analysis and Business Letter Writing
      5. 5 Talking Business: Meeting and Negotiating
      6. 6 World Englishes, Commerce, and Standards
      7. 7 Ethics and Teaching for Specific Purposes
      8. 8 Conclusion
      9. REFERENCES
      10. FURTHER READING
  14. Part VIII: World Englishes and Applied Theory
    1. 36 A Recurring Decimal: English in Language Policy and Planning
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Recurrence of English in Language Policy Discourse
      3. 3 Choice and the Hegemony of English
      4. 4 Effect of the Hegemony of English
      5. 5 Broader Issues in the Context of English Hegemony
      6. 6 Implications for Language Policy and Planning
      7. 7 Conclusion
      8. REFERENCES
      9. FURTHER READING
    2. 37 World Englishes and Communicative Competence
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Communicative Competence: Sources
      3. 3 Communicative Competence and the World Englishes Paradigm
      4. 4 Communicative Competence Applied: Controversies
      5. 5 Communicative Competence Applied: Explorations
      6. 6 Communicative Competence and Pedagogical Theory
      7. 7 Conclusion
      8. REFERENCES
      9. FURTHER READING
    3. 38 World Englishes and Pedagogy
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 WE‐informed ELT
      3. 3 Courses about World Englishes
      4. 4 Conclusion
      5. REFERENCES
      6. FURTHER READING
    4. 39 World Englishes and International Standardized English Proficiency Tests
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 How Do the TOEFL iBT, TOEIC, and IELTS Present Themselves?
      3. 3 What Is English Language Proficiency?
      4. 4 Why are Persons Important in Testing ELP?
      5. 5 How Can We Move Forward in Changing the ISELPTs?
      6. 6 What Are Some Alternative Approaches to ELP?
      7. 7 Top‐Down, Language‐Focused Approaches
      8. 8 Bottom‐Up, Person‐Focused Approaches
      9. 9 How Can Alternative ELP Approaches be Assessed?
      10. 10 Conclusion
      11. REFERENCES
      12. FURTHER READING
    5. 40 World Englishes and Lexicography
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Legitimacy and the Dictionary
      3. 3 Standards and the Dictionary
      4. 4 The Idea of a Dictionary
      5. 5 The Concept “Englishes”
      6. 6 Prescriptivism vs. Descriptivism
      7. 7 Standards and Norms
      8. 8 Toward a Theoretical Model
      9. 9 The Dictionary Tradition of English
      10. 10 Conclusion
      11. REFERENCES
      12. FURTHER READING
  15. Part IX: Outlook for the Future
    1. 41 World Englishes
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 The Scope of World Englishes Studies
      3. 3 World Englishes as a Discipline
      4. 4 Disciplinary Debates
      5. 5 Future Directions for World Englishes
      6. REFERENCES
      7. FURTHER READING
    2. 42 The Karmic Cycle of World Englishes
      1. 1 Introduction
      2. 2 Spread of English
      3. 3 Impact of Transplanted Englishes
      4. 4 Acculturation and Nativization
      5. 5 Implications for Linguistic Theory
      6. 6 Is There a World (Global, Lingua Franca) English?
      7. 7 The Future of Englishes
      8. 8 Conclusion
      9. REFERENCES
      10. FURTHER READING
  16. Index
  17. End User License Agreement

Product information

  • Title: The Handbook of World Englishes, 2nd Edition
  • Author(s): Cecil L. Nelson, Zoya G. Proshina, Daniel R. Davis
  • Release date: January 2020
  • Publisher(s): Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN: 9781119164210