1 Introduction

1.1 Science, technology and technoscience

Science1 is usually understood as a systematic enterprise aimed at generating and organising knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the natural world which comprises all the components of the physical universe (atoms, ecosystems, people, societies, galaxies, etc.), as well as the natural forces working on those components. There is no generally agreed list of the characteristics of science; however, some of its basic features can be enumerated:

  • science possesses a specific language (with terms whose meaning and reference are precisely defined);

  • science has cognitive aims whose realisation is articulated in scientific theories with a well-patterned internal ...

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