Synchronization of Digital Telecommunications Networks

SYMBOLS

	infinite time averaging:
x(t) * y(t)	convolution integral of signals x(t) and y(t):
x	the largest integer less than or equal to the real number x
log()	natural logarithm
E{·}	expected value (ensemble average)
sgn(x)	signum function
a	number of bits of the alignment word (frame synchronization)
A(t)	instantaneous amplitude of a signal
ADEV(τ)	Allan deviation
AVAR(τ)	Allan variance
ba	number of additional bits in one frame of a digital multiplex signal
bd	number of bits available to tributaries in one frame of a digital multiplex signal
bm	number of bits in one frame of a digital multiplex signal (frame length)
bs	number of bits in one sector of a frame of a digital multiplex signal
B	bandwidth
BIF	equivalent noise bandwidth
BL	bandwidth of a loop filter
Bn	occurrence time of the nth clock pulse (significant instant)
BPLL	bandwidth of a PLL
occurrence time of the nth pulse of the smoothed clock
B0H (ρ)	total jitter power, low-pass filtered ...