Certain sectors face particular challenges when it comes to corporate social responsibility (CSR) due to the specific nature of the operational activities and the locations of those activities since local governments often are unwilling and/or unable to exercise legal and regulatory responsibility for the environmental and social impacts of the activities. The response to these challenges, often driven by criticisms from a wide range of stakeholders, has been sectoral CSR commitments, which often take the form of a framework of principles with respect to environmental and social issues and emerge from collective CSR initiatives among companies and other stakeholders (e.g., trade unions) involved in particular ...
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