Traditional Bulk Energy Storage—Coal and Underground Natural Gas and Oil Storage
Abstract
Just like renewables, conventional fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil also have to be stored with capacities of up to grid scales. In some cases, reserves can satisfy demand for several weeks. The main motive for operating bulk storages is minimizing the amount of investment required in the transport chain by maintaining steady transport flows, as well as the creation of strategic stockpiles and safeguarding supplies against technical and climatic risks. In recent years energy trade has become another motive for bulk storage. Natural gas, in particular, ...
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