Appendix F. Glossary of Statistical Terms
One challenge in any profession is learning the specific vocabulary required. This appendix provides a quick guide to key terms and notation used in this book; statistical vocabulary is covered in far greater detail in reference books such as The Cambridge Dictionary of Statistics (Cambridge University Press, 2010) and The Concise Encyclopedia of Statistics (Springer, 2008).
![The Greek alphabet](/api/v2/epubs/9781449361129/files/httpatomoreillycomsourceoreillyimages1418667.png)
Figure F-1. The Greek alphabet
![Statistical notation](/api/v2/epubs/9781449361129/files/httpatomoreillycomsourceoreillyimages1418673.png)
![Statistical notation](/api/v2/epubs/9781449361129/files/httpatomoreillycomsourceoreillyimages1418679.png.jpg)
![Statistical notation](/api/v2/epubs/9781449361129/files/httpatomoreillycomsourceoreillyimages1418686.png)
Figure F-2. Statistical notation
- Absolute value
The numerical value of a number, disregarding its sign; the absolute values of −4 and 4 are both 4. Using notation: |−4| = |4| = 4.
- Alpha (α)
In experimental design, the probability of a Type I error, that is, the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
- A priori hypothesis
A hypothesis specified before any testing is done.
- Beta (β)
In experimental design, the probability of a Type II error, that is, the probability of failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false. 1 − β = power.
- Bias
Error that is systematic and might lead to incorrect interpretation of results.
- Binary variables ...
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