Software Engineering for Embedded Systems, 2nd Edition

Table of contents

1. Cover image
2. Title page
3. Table of Contents
4. Copyright
5. Contributors
6. Acknowledgments
7. 1: Software Engineering for Embedded and Real-Time Systems
   1. Abstract
   2. 1 Software Engineering
   3. 2 Embedded Systems
   4. 3 Real-Time Systems
   5. 4 Example of a Hard Real-Time System
   6. 5 Real-Time Event Characteristics
   7. 6 Challenges in Real-Time System Design
   8. 7 The Embedded System’s Software Build Process
   9. 8 Distributed and Multiprocessor Architectures
   10. 9 Software for Embedded Systems
   11. 10 Hardware Abstraction Layers for Embedded Systems
8. 2: Software Development Process
   1. Abstract
   2. 1 Getting Started
   3. 2 Requirements
   4. 3 Architecture
   5. 4 Design
   6. 5 Implementation
   7. 6 Testing
   8. 7 Rolling It Together: Agile Development
   9. 8 Advanced Topics
   10. 9 Conclusion
   11. Exercises
9. 3: Embedded and Multicore System Architecture—Design and Optimization
   1. Abstract
   2. 1 Introduction
   3. 2 The Right Way and the Wrong Way
   4. 3 Understanding Requirements
   5. 4 Mapping the Application
   6. 5 Helping the Compiler and Build Tools
   7. 6 Power Optimization
10. 4: Basic Programming Techniques
    1. Abstract
    2. 1 Introduction
    3. 2 Reference Platform Overview
    4. 3 SDK Installation
    5. 4 Target System Configuration and Initialization
    6. 5 Programming Examples
    7. 6 Summary
    8. Questions and Answers
11. 5: Programming and Implementation Guidelines
    1. Abstract
    2. 1 Introduction
    3. 2 Starting the Embedded Software Project
    4. 3 Variable Structure
    5. Content Learning Exercises
12. 6: Operating Systems
    1. Abstract
    2. 1 Foreground/Background Systems
    3. 2 Real-Time Kernels
    4. 3 RTOS (Real-Time Operating System)
    5. 4 Assigning Task Priorities
    6. 5 Determining the Size of a Stack
    7. 6 Preemptive Scheduling
    8. 7 Scheduling Points
    9. 8 Round-Robin Scheduling
    10. 9 Context Switching
    11. 10 Interrupt Management
    12. 11 The Clock Tick (or System Tick)
    13. 12 Resource Management
    14. 13 Synchronization
    15. 14 Bilateral Rendez-vous
    16. 15 Message Passing
    17. 16 Flow Control
    18. 17 Clients and Servers
    19. 18 Summary
13. 7: Open-Source Software
    1. Abstract
    2. 1 Linux
    3. 2 U-Boot
    4. 3 FreeRTOS
    5. Questions
14. 8: Software and Compiler Optimization for Microcontrollers, Embedded Processors, and DSPs
    1. Abstract
    2. 1 Introduction
    3. 2 Development Tools Overview
    4. 3 Understanding the Embedded Target Architecture
    5. 4 Basic Optimization Goals and Practices
    6. 5 General Loop Transformations
    7. 6 Code Size Optimization
    8. 7 Data Structures
15. 9: Embedded Software Quality, Integration, and Testing Techniques
    1. Abstract
    2. 1 What Is Software Test?
    3. 2 Why Should We Test Software?
    4. 3 How Much Testing Is Enough?
    5. 4 When Should Testing Take Place?
    6. 5 Who Makes the Decisions?
    7. 6 Available Techniques
    8. 7 Setting the Standard
    9. 8 Dealing With the Unusual
    10. 9 Implementing a Test Solution Environment
    11. 10 Summary and Conclusions
    12. Questions and Answers
16. 10: Embedded Multicore Software Development
    1. Abstract
    2. 1 Symmetric and Asymmetric Multiprocessing
    3. 2 Parallelism Saves Power
    4. 3 Look for Parallelism Opportunities
    5. 4 Multicore Application Locality
    6. 5 Multicore Programming Models
    7. 6 Performance and Optimization of Multicore Systems
    8. 7 Language Extensions Example—OpenMP
    9. 8 Pulling It All Together
17. 11: Safety-Critical Development
    1. Abstract
    2. 1 Introduction
    3. 2 Project-Planning Strategies
    4. 3 Faults, Failures, Hazards, and Risk Analysis
    5. 4 Safety-Critical Architectures
    6. 5 Software Implementation Strategies
    7. Exercises
18. 12: Networking Software
    1. Abstract
    2. 1 Introduction
    3. 2 Embedded Linux Networking
    4. 3 Moving From the Linux Kernel to User Space
    5. 4 Life of a Packet in a Native Linux Network Stack
    6. 5 Networking Performance Optimization Techniques
    7. 6 Case Studies: Covering Microcontrollers to Network Processors
    8. Exercises
19. 13: Internet of Things
    1. Abstract
    2. 1 Introduction
    3. 2 History and Device Progression
    4. 3 Applications
    5. 4 Enabling Technologies
    6. 5 Internet of Things Architecture
    7. 6 Communications Used in Internet of Things
    8. 7 Data Analytics
    9. 8 Internet of Things Development Challenges
    10. Exercises
20. 14: Security and Cryptography
    1. Abstract
    2. 1 What Is Security?
    3. 2 Cryptology
    4. 3 Life Cycle of a Secure Embedded System
    5. 4 Threat Analysis
    6. 5 Components of Secure Embedded Systems
    7. Questions
21. 15: Machine Learning at the Edge
    1. Abstract
    2. 1 Introduction
    3. 2 What Is Artificial Intelligence
    4. 3 What Is Machine Learning?
    5. 4 Feeding Your Brain—Data
    6. 5 Support Vector Machine
    7. 6 k-NN (Nearest Neighbor) Algorithm
    8. 7 Decision Trees
    9. 8 Neural Nets
    10. 9 What Is Necessary to Bring ML to the Edge?
    11. 10 Edge Learning/Training
22. Appendix: Performance Analysis Using NXP’s i.MX RT1050 Crossover Processor and the Zephyr™ Real-Time Operating System
    1. A.1 Introduction
    2. A.2 Configuration Information
    3. A.3 Scope of Analysis
    4. A.4 Analysis Results
    5. A.5 Summary and Conclusions
23. Index