Sodium-Ion Batteries

8Phosphorus/Phosphide Anodes for Sodium–Ion Batteries on Alloy and Conversion Reactions

8.1 Introduction

Compared with insertion‐type anodes, some materials are capable of storing more Na⁺ through alloy or conversion reactions and thus deliver two or three times higher theoretical capacity, showing more competitive in high‐energy storage. For example, phosphorus material processes the highest theoretical capacity (2596 mAh g⁻¹) for Na‐storage among all kinds of anode materials based on the alloy reaction mechanism, making it an ideal candidate for practical application of high‐energy sodium–ion batteries (SIBs). In addition, the metal phosphide materials display high theoretical capacities based on the multiple electrons transfer behaviors ...