Mapping subsurface utilities with mobile electromagnetic geophysical sensor arrays
R. Birken, Northeastern University, USA
M. Oristaglio, Yale University, USA
Abstract:
This chapter reviews the remote sensing of buried utilities and explores its uses in today’s commercial devices and in research systems that may become commercially available in the next ten years. Our survey concentrates on techniques that use electromagnetic (EM) waves to probe a few meters underground. These technologies have advanced dramatically during the last decade by combining broadband sensors with modern positioning systems and sophisticated signal processing. Sensors moving just above the ground, while transmitting and recording induction signals at kilohertz ...
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