Appendix D. Matrix algebra in R
Many of the functions described in this book operate on matrices. The manipulation of matrices is built deeply into the R language. Table D.1 describes operators and functions that are particularly important for solving linear algebra problems. In the table, A and B are matrices, x and b are vectors, and k is a scalar.
Table D.1. R functions and operators for matrix algebra
|
Operator or function |
Description |
|---|---|
| + - * / ^ | Element-wise addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation, respectively. |
| A %*% B | Matrix multiplication. |
| A %o% B | Outer product: AB'. |
| cbind(A, B, ...) | Combines matrices or vectors horizontally. Returns a matrix. |
| chol(A) | Choleski factorization of A. If R ... |
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