Programming C# 12

Chapter 10. LINQ

Language Integrated Query (LINQ) is a powerful collection of C# language features for working with sets of information. It is useful in any application that needs to work with multiple pieces of data (i.e., almost any application). Although one of its original goals was to provide straightforward access to relational databases, LINQ is applicable to many kinds of information. For example, it can also be used with in-memory object models, HTTP-based information services, JSON, and XML documents. And as we’ll see in Chapter 11, it can work with live streams of data too.

LINQ is not a single feature. It relies on several language elements that work together. The most conspicuous LINQ-related language feature is the query expression, a form of expression that loosely resembles a database query but that can be used to perform queries against any supported source, including plain old objects. As you’ll see, query expressions rely heavily on some other language features such as lambdas, extension methods, and expression object models.

Language support is only half the story. LINQ needs class libraries to implement a set of querying primitives called LINQ operators. Each different kind of data requires its own implementation, and a set of operators for any particular type of information is referred to as a LINQ provider. (These can also be used from Visual Basic and F#, by the way, because those languages support LINQ too.) Microsoft supplies several providers, some built ...