Programming C# 12

Chapter 5. Collections

Most programs need to deal with multiple pieces of data. Your code might have to iterate through some transactions to calculate the balance of an account, for example, or display recent messages in a social media web application, or update the positions of characters in a game. In most kinds of applications, the ability to work with collections of information is likely to be important.

C# offers a simple kind of collection called an array. The CLR’s type system supports arrays intrinsically, so they are efficient, but for some scenarios they can be too basic. The runtime libraries build on the fundamental services provided by arrays to provide more powerful and flexible collection types. I’ll start with arrays, because they are the foundation of most of the collection classes.

Arrays

An array is an object that contains multiple elements of a particular type. Each element is a storage location similar to a field, but whereas with fields we give each storage slot a name, array elements are simply numbered. The number of elements is fixed for the lifetime of the array, so you must specify the size when you create it. Example 5-1 shows the syntax for creating new arrays.

Example 5-1. Creating arrays

int[] numbers = new int[10];
string[] strings = new string[numbers.Length];

As with all objects, we construct an array with the new keyword followed by a type name, but instead of parentheses with constructor arguments, we put square brackets containing the array ...