Practical Power Plant Engineering

Practical Power Plant Engineering

by Zark Bedalov
Released February 2020
Publisher(s): Wiley
ISBN: 9781119534945

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Book description

Practical Power Plant Engineering offers engineers, new to the profession, a guide to the methods of practical design, equipment selection and operation of power and heavy industrial plants as practiced by experienced engineers. The author—a noted expert on the topic—draws on decades of practical experience working in a number of industries with ever-changing technologies. This comprehensive book, written in 26 chapters, covers the electrical activities from plant design, development to commissioning. It is filled with descriptive examples, brief equipment data sheets, relay protection, engineering calculations, illustrations, and common-sense engineering approaches.

The book explores the most relevant topics and reviews the industry standards and established engineering practices. For example, the author leads the reader through the application of MV switchgear, MV controllers, MCCs and distribution lines in building plant power distribution systems, including calculations of interrupting duty for breakers and contactors. The text also contains useful information on the various types of concentrated and photovoltaic solar plants as well as wind farms with DFIG turbines. This important book:

•    Explains why and how to select the proper ratings for electrical equipment for specific applications

•    Includes information on the critical requirements for designing power systems to meet the performance requirements

•    Presents tests of the electrical equipment that prove it is built to the required standards and will meet plant-specific operating requirements

Written for both professional engineers early in their career and experienced engineers, Practical Power Plant Engineering is a must-have resource that offers the information needed to apply the concepts of power plant engineering in the real world.

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Preface – Why This Book?
  3. Acknowledgments
  4. About the Author
  5. 1 Plant from Design to Commissioning
    1. 1.1 Planning
    2. 1.2 Project Development
    3. 1.3 Precommissioning and Commissioning
    4. 1.4 Project Economics
    5. Reference
    6. Note
  6. 2 Plant Key One‐Line Diagram
    1. 2.1 One‐Line Diagrams
    2. 2.2 The Electrical Project
    3. 2.3 Site Conditions
    4. 2.4 Connection to Power Utility
    5. 2.5 Main Plant Substation
    6. 2.6 Load Site Placement
    7. 2.7 The Key One‐Line Diagram
    8. 2.8 Transformer System Grounding
    9. 2.9 Transformer Winding Configurations and Phasing
    10. 2.10 Standby Power
    11. 2.11 Insulation Coordination
    12. 2.12 Plant Control System
    13. 2.13 Fire Protection
    14. Reference
    15. Note
  7. 3 Switching Equipment
    1. 3.1 MV Switchgear
    2. 3.2 Circuit Breakers
    3. 3.3 MV MCC Motor Controllers
    4. 3.4 LV Unit Substations
    5. 3.5 Motor Control Centers (MCCs)
    6. References
  8. 4 Designing Plant Layout
    1. 4.1 Plant Power Distribution Routes
    2. 4.2 Underground Installations
    3. 4.3 Plant Electrical Rooms
    4. 4.4 Plant Design
    5. 4.5 Transformer Vault Design
    6. 4.6 Plant Control Rooms
    7. References
  9. 5 System Grounding
    1. 5.1 Methods of Grounding
    2. 5.2 Specific Applications
    3. References
  10. 6 Site and Equipment Grounding
    1. 6.1 Requirements
    2. 6.2 Ground Potential Rise and Step and Touch Potential
    3. 6.3 Computer Study Report
    4. 6.4 Below Ground Equipment Grounding
    5. 6.5 Above Ground Equipment Grounding
    6. 6.6 Telecommunications in HV Substations
    7. 6.7 Fence Grounding
    8. 6.8 Plant Control System Grounding
    9. 6.9 Overhead Line Grounding
    10. 6.10 Remote Site Grounding
    11. 6.11 Effect of Overhead Ground Wires and Neutral Conductors
    12. References
  11. 7 Plant Lighting
    1. 7.1 The Big Picture
    2. 7.2 Lighting Design Criteria
    3. 7.3 Definitions
    4. 7.4 Illumination Level
    5. 7.5 Outdoor Building and Road Lighting
    6. 7.6 Lighting Hardware
    7. 7.7 Lamps Inside the Fixtures
    8. References
  12. 8 DC System, UPS
    1. 8.1 Project Requirements
    2. 8.2 DC Battery and Chargers
    3. 8.3 Battery Chargers
    4. 8.4 Ratings
    5. 8.5 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
    6. References
  13. 9 Plant Power Distribution
    1. 9.1 Plant Overhead Distribution
    2. 9.2 Types of Distribution
    3. 9.3 Structure (Pole) Types
    4. 9.4 Overhead vs. Underground
    5. 9.5 Clearances
    6. 9.6 Line Voltage Drop Calculations
    7. 9.7 Power Loss Calculations
    8. 9.8 Line Conductor Sag and Tension
    9. 9.9 Aerial Bundled Cable (ABC) Distribution
    10. 9.10 Line and Cable Charging Current
    11. References
  14. 10 Insulation Coordination, Lightning Protection
    1. 10.1 Economic Design
    2. 10.2 Overvoltages
    3. 10.3 Lightning Wave Phenomena and Propagation
    4. 10.4 Equipment Testing
    5. 10.5 Shielding
    6. 10.6 Equipment Withstand Capability
    7. 10.7 Arrester Selection
    8. 10.8 Motor Surge Protection
    9. 10.9 Building Lightning Protection
    10. References
  15. 11 Voltage and Phasing Standards
    1. 11.1 Supply and Utilization Voltages
    2. 11.2 System Phase Sequence
    3. 11.3 World Plugs/Sockets
    4. References
  16. 12 Cables and Supporting Equipment
    1. 12.1 Cables
    2. 12.2 Power Cables
    3. 12.3 Control and Instrumentation Cables
    4. 12.4 Specialty Cables
    5. 12.5 Cable Trays
    6. 12.6 Conduits and Accessories
    7. 12.7 Bus Duct or Cable Bus Systems
    8. References
    9. Note
  17. 13 Power Factor Correction
    1. 13.1 Power Factor and Penalties for Low pf
    2. 13.2 Leading and Lagging Power Factor
    3. 13.3 pf Correction
    4. 13.4 Power Factor at Diesel Engine Generating Plant
    5. 13.5 Voltage Improvement by Adding Capacitors
    6. 13.6 Harmonic Issues with the Capacitors
    7. 13.7 Other Applications
    8. References
  18. 14 Motor Selection
    1. 14.1 Motor Selection
    2. 14.2 Motor Characteristics
    3. 14.3 NEMA Torque Classification (Design Code)
    4. 14.4 NEMA, IEC Frame Sizes
    5. 14.5 NEMA Starter Sizes
    6. 14.6 Motor Enclosures
    7. 14.7 Large Motor Starting
    8. 14.8 Synchronous Motors
    9. 14.9 Motor Service Factor
    10. 14.10 Motor Starting Criteria
    11. 14.11 Premium Efficiency Motors
    12. References
  19. 15 Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) and Harmonics
    1. 15.1 Why Are Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) Needed?
    2. 15.2 Vector VFDs for Low‐Speed Operation
    3. 15.3 VFDs: Variable or Constant Torque?
    4. 15.4 Regenerative VFDs
    5. 15.5 Motor and Cable Harmonics Issues
    6. 15.6 How to Mitigate the Harmonics?
    7. 15.7 Harmonic Order Limits
    8. References
    9. Note
  20. 16 Relay Protection and Coordination
    1. 16.1 The Objective
    2. 16.2 IEEE Equipment and Device Designation
    3. 16.3 CTs and PTs
    4. 16.4 Relay Protection
    5. 16.5 Major Equipment Protection
    6. 16.6 Relay Coordination
    7. 16.7 Protection Function Elements
    8. 16.8 Time Grading
    9. 16.9 Time–Current Grading
    10. 16.10 Reclosing
    11. 16.11 Load Shedding and Automatic Quick Start of Generators
    12. 16.12 (86) Lockout and (94) Self‐Reset Trip Relays
    13. References
  21. 17 Plant Automation and Data Networking
    1. 17.1 Plant Control
    2. 17.2 Motor Controls Integration
    3. 17.3 Human Machine Interface (HMI)
    4. 17.4 PLC or DCS: What Is the Difference?
    5. 17.5 Data Networking
    6. 17.6 Means of Communication
    7. 17.7 Web‐based HMI
    8. 17.8 SCADA Applications and Communication Protocols in Power Industry
    9. References
  22. 18 Generation
    1. 18.1 Types of Generating Plants
    2. 18.2 Governors
    3. 18.3 Excitation: Control for Voltage and Reactive Power
    4. 18.4 Generator Circuit Breaker
    5. 18.5 Generator Step‐up Transformers
    6. 18.6 Heat‐Rate Curve
    7. 18.7 Hydraulic Turbine Cavitation
    8. 18.8 Generator Cooling
    9. 18.9 Plant Black Start
    10. 18.10 Synchronous Motor
    11. 18.11 Plant Capacity and Availability Factors
    12. References
  23. 19 Power Dispatch and Control
    1. 19.1 Plant and System Operation
    2. 19.2 Load – Frequency Control
    3. 19.3 Voltage Reactive Power Control
    4. 19.4 Line Transfers, Import/Export Power
    5. References
  24. 20 Diesel Engine Generator Plant and Standby Power
    1. 20.1 Gen‐Set Ratings and Classifications
    2. 20.2 Plant Design
    3. 20.3 Unit Performance
    4. 20.4 Plant Electrical One Line Diagram
    5. 20.5 Waste Heat Recovery (WHR)
    6. 20.6 Engines for Ships
    7. References
    8. Note
  25. 21 Reliability Considerations and Calculations
    1. 21.1 Definitions
    2. 21.2 Basic Reliability Engineering Concepts
    3. 21.3 Different Failure Rates vs. Time Scenarios
    4. 21.4 Estimating the System Reliability
    5. 21.5 Common Mode Failure
    6. 21.6 Availability
    7. References
  26. 22 Fire Protection
    1. 22.1 Plant Fire Protection System
    2. 22.2 Fire Sprinkler Systems
    3. 22.3 Gas Flooding Suppression
    4. 22.4 Fire Hydrants and Standpipes
    5. 22.5 Portable Fire Extinguishers
    6. 22.6 Fire Safety Dampers and Duct Vents
    7. 22.7 Deluge Systems
    8. 22.8 Fire Water Supply System
    9. 22.9 Cables and Conduits used for Fire Protection Circuits
    10. 22.10 Fire Detection and Notification Witness Testing
    11. References
  27. 23 Corrosion, Cathodic Protection
    1. 23.1 Process of Corrosion and Cathodic Protection
    2. 23.2 Galvanized Steel
    3. 23.3 Sacrificial Anodes
    4. 23.4 Impressed Current Application
    5. 23.5 Soil Resistivity
    6. 23.6 Cathodic Protection for Ships
    7. 23.7 Corrosion due to H2S Gas
    8. References
  28. 24 Brief Equipment Specifications and Data Sheets
    1. 24.1 Power Transformers
    2. 24.2 Motors up to 200 kW
    3. 24.3 Motors > 200 kW (Medium Voltage Motors)
    4. 24.4 VFD Specification Requirements
    5. 24.5 13.8 kV Isolated Phase Bus + PTs (IPB)
    6. 24.6 Electrical Enclosures
    7. 24.7 Technical Data Sheets
    8. References
  29. 25 Solar Power
    1. 25.1 Solar Resource
    2. 25.2 PV Panel Technology
    3. 25.3 Photovoltaic Plants
    4. 25.4 CSP
    5. 25.5 Thermal Storage
    6. 25.6 Conclusion
    7. References
  30. 26 Wind Power
    1. 26.1 Siting a Wind Farm
    2. 26.2 Wind Turbine Tower
    3. 26.3 Wind Resource
    4. 26.4 Wind Turbulence
    5. 26.5 Wind Turbine Design Classification
    6. 26.6 Blade Design for Optimum Energy Capture
    7. 26.7 Individual Pitch (Blade) Control (IPC)
    8. 26.8 Wind Turbine Design Limits
    9. 26.9 Wind Turbine Components
    10. 26.10 Generators Used with Wind Turbines
    11. 26.11 Turbine Sizes
    12. 26.12 Building a Wind Farm
    13. 26.13 Wind Energy in Cold Climates
    14. 26.14 The Effect of Rain on the Wind Turbine Performance
    15. 26.15 Wind Turbines in the Desert Environment
    16. 26.16 Cost, Component Percentage Share
    17. References
  31. Index
  32. End User License Agreement

Product information

  • Title: Practical Power Plant Engineering
  • Author(s): Zark Bedalov
  • Release date: February 2020
  • Publisher(s): Wiley
  • ISBN: 9781119534945