Power Systems, 3rd Edition

2

Symmetrical Components for Power System Analysis

Anthony F. Sleva

Altran Solutions

2.1    Introduction

2.2    Discussion of Per Unit Quantities

2.3    Fundamental Principles

2.4    “a” Operator

2.5    Phase and Sequence Relationships

2.6    Positive Sequence Networks

2.7    Sample Three-Phase Fault Calculation: Fault at Bus T2H

2.8    Sample Three-Phase Fault Calculation: Fault at Bus T2L

2.9    Negative Sequence Networks

2.10  Sample Phase to Phase Fault Calculation: Fault at Bus T2L

2.11  Zero Sequence Networks

2.12  Sample Phase to Ground Fault Calculation: Fault at Bus T2L

2.1    Introduction

Three-phase power systems are difficult to model and analyze using traditional methods, that is, using loop equations (Kirchoff’s laws) and node ...