Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry: Theory and Practices

2

The Liquid State

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

2.1 Introduction

2.2 General Characteristics of Liquids

2.3 Classification of Physical Properties of Liquids

2.4 Surface Tension

2.5 Viscosity

2.6 Refractive Index

2.7 Optical Activity

2.8 Polarity of Bonds

2.9 Dipole Moment

If I were in the world of molecules, I would rather be in liquid state with some freedom of gases and some order of solids.

 

Anon

Water existed on earth long before life began and is fundamental to most life processes. Although simple in structure, the ubiquitous water molecule is one of the most complex substances known; a complete understanding of its intermolecular behaviour still eludes us.

 

Felex Franks

 

2.1 INTRODUCTION

On the one hand, we have gases which are characterized ...