CHAPTER TWO
Management: Its Roots and Its Emergence
DURING THE LAST FIFTY years, society in every developed country has become a society of institutions. Every major social task, whether economic performance or health care, education or the protection of the environment, the pursuit of new knowledge or defense is today being entrusted to big organizations, designed for perpetuity and managed by their own managements. The performance of modern society—if not the survival of each individual—increasingly depends on the performance of these institutions.
Only seventy-five years ago such a society would have been inconceivable. In the society of 1900 ...
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