Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices, 2nd Edition

6

Transparent Electrode for OLEDs

Furong Zhu

CONTENTS

6.1    Transparent Conducting Thin Films

6.1.1    Transparent Conducting Oxides

6.1.2    Fundamental Properties of ITO

6.1.2.1    Preparation of ITO

6.1.2.2    Structural Properties of ITO

6.1.2.3    Electrical Properties of ITO

6.1.2.4    Optical Properties of ITO

6.1.2.5    ITO Composition and Surface Electronic Properties

6.2    Anode Modification for Enhancing OLED Performance

6.2.1    ITO Surface Treatment and Modification

6.2.2    Color Tuning with Graded ITO Thickness

6.2.3    Non-ITO Anode for OLEDs

6.3    Electrode for Flexible OLEDs

6.3.1    ITO Anode on Flexible Substrates

6.3.2    OLEDs on Polymer-Reinforced Ultrathin Glass Sheets

6.3.3    Top-Emitting OLEDs on Al-Laminated Plastic ...