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3.2

Active filters

3.2.1 Filters

Passive filters – RLC circuits

1st order filter (1st order differential equation can describe the filter).

Two 1st order filters cascaded together produce a 2nd order filter:

Input Z of 2nd stage = output Z of 1st stage. To minimise loading, R₂ R₁ and C₂ C₁.

Active filters – op-amp circuits

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