Number systems
2.1.1 Binary number system
There are ten digits in the decimal numbering system. In the binary system, there are only two, 0 and 1. Each digit in a binary number is called a bit. Computers consist of millions of transistor switches that can be either on or off, or true or false, and as a consequence they employ the two available digits in binary number system to represent the states of these switches.
Bits can be arranged to provide a numerical code that can be used to convey information. A particularly popular code is the ASCII code used to represent decimal digits, alphabetic characters.
| Decimal | Binary |
| 0 | 0000 |
| 1 | 0001 |
| 2 | 0010 |
| 3 | 0011 |
| 4 | 0100 |
| 5 | 0101 |
| 6 | 0110 |
| 7 | 0111 |
| 8 | 1000 |
| 9 | 1001 |
| 10 | 1010 |
| 11 | 1011 |
| 12 |
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