16MAP OUT THE NEGOTIATION SPACE
FEW WILL CLAIM TO have ever heard of the Preliminary and Secret Treaty between the French Republic and His Catholic Majesty the King of Spain, Concerning the Aggrandizement of His Royal Highness the Infant Duke of Parma in Italy and the Retrocession of Louisiana.1 And yet, this treaty, signed between France and Spain in 1800, would soon play a very important role in history. On the basis of this agreement, Spain returned to France the vast Louisiana Territory in North America that France had ceded to Spain in 1763 after France was defeated in the French and Indian War.
During the negotiations between Spain and France, Napoleon’s ambassador allegedly gave “the most solemn assurances” ...
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