CHAPTER 1

The Picture From the Past

The best time to plant a tree is twenty years ago. The second-best time is today.

—Chinese Proverb

Grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, the courage to change things I can, and the wisdom to know the difference.

—Reinhold Niebuhr

Boards Were Passive and Formal Institutions

Boards were traditionally considered to be formal and passive institutions (Mace 1971). The prevailing wisdom was to get along and not expose yourself (Sonnenfeld, Kusin, and Walton 2013). As one CEO describes the phenomenon: “In the boardroom, the thinking is: ‘You have to be equal. Don’t be overwhelming or dominant, don’t hurt feelings, and don’t take someone’s chair’” (Sonnenfeld et al. 2013). So, rather than playing ...

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