Microwave and Radar Engineering

1

Vector Analysis

1.1 INTRODUCTION

All physical quantities in electromagnetism are classified as scalars or vectors. Physical laws can be simplified using vectors. Therefore, knowledge of vector analysis and coordinate systems is essential for a better understanding of the Electromagnetics and Microwave engineering. To explain the spatial variations of the quantities, an appropriate coordinate system is required. Coordinate systems are very useful in solving problems in electromagnetics such as the Maxwell’s equation. The three most important coordinate systems used in electromagnetic are as follows:

• Cartesian or rectangular (x, y, z)
• Circular or cylindrical (ρ, ϕ, z )
• Spherical (r, θ, ϕ).

This is an introductory chapter and provides reviews ...