SQL Server I/O Overview
SQL Server is especially sensitive to I/O latencies because of the concurrency of transactions within the SQL Server engine. Under normal conditions, tens or hundreds of applications are running against a SQL Server database. To support this concurrency, SQL Server has a complex system of row, page, extent, and table locks, as you will see throughout this book. When a piece of data or a SQL Server resource is locked, other processes must wait for that data or resource to be unlocked.
If I/O operations take excessive amounts of time to complete, these resources will be held for a longer-than-normal period, further delaying other threads processing in the system. In addition, this could lead to a greater chance of deadlocks. ...
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