Relative vs. Absolute Cell References
There are two primary types of cell references:
A relative cell reference is the address of a cell relative to the cell the reference is in. For example, a reference to cell B1 in cell B3, tells Excel to look at the cell two cells above B3. Most of the references you use in Excel are relative references.
An absolute cell reference is the exact location of a cell. To indicate an absolute reference, enter a dollar sign ($) in front of the column letter(s) and row number of the reference. An absolute reference to cell B1, for example, would be written $B$1.
As Figures 46 and 47 illustrate, relative cell references change when you copy them to other cells. Although in many cases, you might want the references ...
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