Abbreviations
| 2SLS | two-stage least squares |
| ACE | average causal effect |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CCGC | CRP CHD Genetics Collaboration |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| CHD | coronary heart disease |
| CI | confidence interval |
| COR | causal odds ratio |
| CRAN | Comprehensive R Archive Network |
| CRR | causal risk ratio |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| GMM | generalized method of moments |
| GWAS | genome-wide association study (or studies) |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| IL-1Ra | interleukin-1 receptor antagonist |
| InSIDE | instrument strength independent of direct effect |
| IV | instrumental variable |
| IVW | inverse-variance weighted |
| LD | linkage disequilibrium |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| LoF | loss of function |
| LIML | limited information maximum likelihood |
| Lp(a) | lipoprotein(a) ... |
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