Learning Perl, Fourth Edition

Appendix A. Exercise Answers

This appendix contains the answers to the exercises that appear throughout the book.

Answers to Chapter 2 Exercises

1. Here’s one way to do it:

       #!/usr/bin/perl -w
       $pi = 3.141592654;
       $circ = 2 * $pi * 12.5;
       print "The circumference of a circle of radius 12.5 is $circ.\n";

   We started this program with a typical #! line; your path to Perl may vary. We also turned on warnings.

   The first real line of code sets the value of $pi to our value of π. There are several reasons a good programmer will prefer to use a constant^[361] value like this: it takes time to type 3.141592654 into your program if you ever need it more than once. It may be a mathematical bug if you accidentally used 3.141592654 in one place and 3.14159 in another. There’s only one line to check to ensure you didn’t accidentally type 3.141952654 and send your space probe to the wrong planet. It’s easier to type $pi than π, especially if you don’t have Unicode. Maintaining the program also will be easier in case the value of π changes.^[362]. Next, we calculate the circumference, storing it into $circ, and we print it out in a message. The message ends with a newline character because every line of a good program’s output should end with a newline. Without it, you might end up with output looking something like this, depending on your shell’s prompt:

       The circumference of a circle of radius 12.5 is
       78.53981635.bash-2.01$[  ]

   The box represents the input cursor, blinking at the end of the line, and that’s ...