Kubernetes: Up and Running, 2nd Edition

Kubernetes: Up and Running, 2nd Edition

by Brendan Burns, Joe Beda, Kelsey Hightower
Released October 2019
Publisher(s): O'Reilly Media, Inc.
ISBN: 9781492046530

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Book description

Kubernetes radically changes the way applications are built and deployed in the cloud. Since its introduction in 2014, this container orchestrator has become one of the largest and most popular open source projects in the world. The updated edition of this practical book shows developers and ops personnel how Kubernetes and container technology can help you achieve new levels of velocity, agility, reliability, and efficiency.

Kelsey Hightower, Brendan Burns, and Joe Beda—who’ve worked on Kubernetes at Google and beyond—explain how this system fits into the lifecycle of a distributed application. You’ll learn how to use tools and APIs to automate scalable distributed systems, whether it’s for online services, machine learning applications, or a cluster of Raspberry Pi computers.

  • Create a simple cluster to learn how Kubernetes works
  • Dive into the details of deploying an application using Kubernetes
  • Learn specialized objects in Kubernetes, such as DaemonSets, jobs, ConfigMaps, and secrets
  • Explore deployments that tie together the lifecycle of a complete application
  • Get practical examples of how to develop and deploy real-world applications in Kubernetes

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Table of contents

  1. Preface
    1. Kubernetes: A Dedication
    2. Who Should Read This Book
    3. Why We Wrote This Book
    4. Why We Updated This Book
    5. A Word on Cloud-Native Applications Today
    6. Navigating This Book
    7. Online Resources
    8. Conventions Used in This Book
    9. Using Code Examples
    10. O’Reilly Online Learning
    11. How to Contact Us
    12. Acknowledgments
  2. 1. Introduction
    1. Velocity
      1. The Value of Immutability
      2. Declarative Configuration
      3. Self-Healing Systems
    2. Scaling Your Service and Your Teams
      1. Decoupling
      2. Easy Scaling for Applications and Clusters
      3. Scaling Development Teams with Microservices
      4. Separation of Concerns for Consistency and Scaling
    3. Abstracting Your Infrastructure
    4. Efficiency
    5. Summary
  3. 2. Creating and Running Containers
    1. Container Images
      1. The Docker Image Format
    2. Building Application Images with Docker
      1. Dockerfiles
      2. Optimizing Image Sizes
      3. Image Security
    3. Multistage Image Builds
    4. Storing Images in a Remote Registry
    5. The Docker Container Runtime
      1. Running Containers with Docker
      2. Exploring the kuard Application
      3. Limiting Resource Usage
    6. Cleanup
    7. Summary
  4. 3. Deploying a Kubernetes Cluster
    1. Installing Kubernetes on a Public Cloud Provider
      1. Google Kubernetes Engine
      2. Installing Kubernetes with Azure Kubernetes Service
      3. Installing Kubernetes on Amazon Web Services
    2. Installing Kubernetes Locally Using minikube
    3. Running Kubernetes in Docker
    4. Running Kubernetes on Raspberry Pi
    5. The Kubernetes Client
      1. Checking Cluster Status
      2. Listing Kubernetes Worker Nodes
    6. Cluster Components
      1. Kubernetes Proxy
      2. Kubernetes DNS
      3. Kubernetes UI
    7. Summary
  5. 4. Common kubectl Commands
    1. Namespaces
    2. Contexts
    3. Viewing Kubernetes API Objects
    4. Creating, Updating, and Destroying Kubernetes Objects
    5. Labeling and Annotating Objects
    6. Debugging Commands
    7. Command Autocompletion
    8. Alternative Ways of Viewing Your Cluster
    9. Summary
  6. 5. Pods
    1. Pods in Kubernetes
    2. Thinking with Pods
    3. The Pod Manifest
      1. Creating a Pod
      2. Creating a Pod Manifest
    4. Running Pods
      1. Listing Pods
      2. Pod Details
      3. Deleting a Pod
    5. Accessing Your Pod
      1. Using Port Forwarding
      2. Getting More Info with Logs
      3. Running Commands in Your Container with exec
      4. Copying Files to and from Containers
    6. Health Checks
      1. Liveness Probe
      2. Readiness Probe
      3. Types of Health Checks
    7. Resource Management
      1. Resource Requests: Minimum Required Resources
      2. Capping Resource Usage with Limits
    8. Persisting Data with Volumes
      1. Using Volumes with Pods
      2. Different Ways of Using Volumes with Pods
      3. Persisting Data Using Remote Disks
    9. Putting It All Together
    10. Summary
  7. 6. Labels and Annotations
    1. Labels
      1. Applying Labels
      2. Modifying Labels
      3. Label Selectors
      4. Label Selectors in API Objects
      5. Labels in the Kubernetes Architecture
    2. Annotations
      1. Defining Annotations
    3. Cleanup
    4. Summary
  8. 7. Service Discovery
    1. What Is Service Discovery?
    2. The Service Object
      1. Service DNS
      2. Readiness Checks
    3. Looking Beyond the Cluster
    4. Cloud Integration
    5. Advanced Details
      1. Endpoints
      2. Manual Service Discovery
      3. kube-proxy and Cluster IPs
      4. Cluster IP Environment Variables
    6. Connecting with Other Environments
    7. Cleanup
    8. Summary
  9. 8. HTTP Load Balancing with Ingress
    1. Ingress Spec Versus Ingress Controllers
    2. Installing Contour
      1. Configuring DNS
      2. Configuring a Local hosts File
    3. Using Ingress
      1. Simplest Usage
      2. Using Hostnames
      3. Using Paths
      4. Cleaning Up
    4. Advanced Ingress Topics and Gotchas
      1. Running Multiple Ingress Controllers
      2. Multiple Ingress Objects
      3. Ingress and Namespaces
      4. Path Rewriting
      5. Serving TLS
    5. Alternate Ingress Implementations
    6. The Future of Ingress
    7. Summary
  10. 9. ReplicaSets
    1. Reconciliation Loops
    2. Relating Pods and ReplicaSets
      1. Adopting Existing Containers
      2. Quarantining Containers
    3. Designing with ReplicaSets
    4. ReplicaSet Spec
      1. Pod Templates
      2. Labels
    5. Creating a ReplicaSet
    6. Inspecting a ReplicaSet
      1. Finding a ReplicaSet from a Pod
      2. Finding a Set of Pods for a ReplicaSet
    7. Scaling ReplicaSets
      1. Imperative Scaling with kubectl scale
      2. Declaratively Scaling with kubectl apply
      3. Autoscaling a ReplicaSet
    8. Deleting ReplicaSets
    9. Summary
  11. 10. Deployments
    1. Your First Deployment
      1. Deployment Internals
    2. Creating Deployments
    3. Managing Deployments
    4. Updating Deployments
      1. Scaling a Deployment
      2. Updating a Container Image
      3. Rollout History
    5. Deployment Strategies
      1. Recreate Strategy
      2. RollingUpdate Strategy
      3. Slowing Rollouts to Ensure Service Health
    6. Deleting a Deployment
    7. Monitoring a Deployment
    8. Summary
  12. 11. DaemonSets
    1. DaemonSet Scheduler
    2. Creating DaemonSets
    3. Limiting DaemonSets to Specific Nodes
      1. Adding Labels to Nodes
      2. Node Selectors
    4. Updating a DaemonSet
      1. Rolling Update of a DaemonSet
    5. Deleting a DaemonSet
    6. Summary
  13. 12. Jobs
    1. The Job Object
    2. Job Patterns
      1. One Shot
      2. Parallelism
      3. Work Queues
    3. CronJobs
    4. Summary
  14. 13. ConfigMaps and Secrets
    1. ConfigMaps
      1. Creating ConfigMaps
      2. Using a ConfigMap
    2. Secrets
      1. Creating Secrets
      2. Consuming Secrets
      3. Private Docker Registries
    3. Naming Constraints
    4. Managing ConfigMaps and Secrets
      1. Listing
      2. Creating
      3. Updating
    5. Summary
  15. 14. Role-Based Access Control for Kubernetes
    1. Role-Based Access Control
      1. Identity in Kubernetes
      2. Understanding Roles and Role Bindings
      3. Roles and Role Bindings in Kubernetes
    2. Techniques for Managing RBAC
      1. Testing Authorization with can-i
      2. Managing RBAC in Source Control
    3. Advanced Topics
      1. Aggregating ClusterRoles
      2. Using Groups for Bindings
    4. Summary
  16. 15. Integrating Storage Solutions and Kubernetes
    1. Importing External Services
      1. Services Without Selectors
      2. Limitations of External Services: Health Checking
    2. Running Reliable Singletons
      1. Running a MySQL Singleton
      2. Dynamic Volume Provisioning
    3. Kubernetes-Native Storage with StatefulSets
      1. Properties of StatefulSets
      2. Manually Replicated MongoDB with StatefulSets
      3. Automating MongoDB Cluster Creation
      4. Persistent Volumes and StatefulSets
      5. One Final Thing: Readiness Probes
    4. Summary
  17. 16. Extending Kubernetes
    1. What It Means to Extend Kubernetes
    2. Points of Extensibility
    3. Patterns for Custom Resources
      1. Just Data
      2. Compilers
      3. Operators
      4. Getting Started
    4. Summary
  18. 17. Deploying Real-World Applications
    1. Jupyter
    2. Parse
      1. Prerequisites
      2. Building the parse-server
      3. Deploying the parse-server
      4. Testing Parse
    3. Ghost
      1. Configuring Ghost
    4. Redis
      1. Configuring Redis
      2. Creating a Redis Service
      3. Deploying Redis
      4. Playing with Our Redis Cluster
    5. Summary
  19. 18. Organizing Your Application
    1. Principles to Guide Us
      1. Filesystems as the Source of Truth
      2. The Role of Code Review
      3. Feature Gates and Guards
    2. Managing Your Application in Source Control
      1. Filesystem Layout
      2. Managing Periodic Versions
    3. Structuring Your Application for Development, Testing, and Deployment
      1. Goals
      2. Progression of a Release
    4. Parameterizing Your Application with Templates
      1. Parameterizing with Helm and Templates
      2. Filesystem Layout for Parameterization
    5. Deploying Your Application Around the World
      1. Architectures for Worldwide Deployment
      2. Implementing Worldwide Deployment
      3. Dashboards and Monitoring for Worldwide Deployments
    6. Summary
  20. A. Building a Raspberry Pi Kubernetes Cluster
    1. Parts List
    2. Flashing Images
    3. First Boot: Master
      1. Setting Up Networking
      2. Installing Kubernetes
      3. Setting Up the Cluster
    4. Summary
  21. Index

Product information

  • Title: Kubernetes: Up and Running, 2nd Edition
  • Author(s): Brendan Burns, Joe Beda, Kelsey Hightower
  • Release date: October 2019
  • Publisher(s): O'Reilly Media, Inc.
  • ISBN: 9781492046530