Java How To Program, Late Objects, 11th Edition

15.2 Files and Streams

Java views each file as a sequential stream of bytes (Fig. 15.1).¹ Every operating system provides a mechanism to determine the end of a file, such as an end-of-file marker or a count of the total bytes in the file that’s recorded in a system-maintained administrative data structure. A Java program processing a stream of bytes simply receives an indication from the operating system when it reaches the end of the stream—the program does not need to know how the underlying platform represents files or streams. In some cases, the end-of-file indication occurs as an exception. In others, the indication is a return value from a method invoked on a stream-processing object.

1. Java’s NIO APIs also include classes and interfaces ...