Introduction to Translation and Interpreting Studies

Glossary

Abbreviation

a shortened form of a term or expression. Interpreters may use abbreviations when taking notes during consecutive interpreting.

Ableism

a set of beliefs or practices that devalue and discriminate against people with physical, intellectual, or psychiatric disabilities; assumes a particular standard body and that disabled people need to be “fixed” to achieve the standard body.

Accessibility

the ability to access the physical and digital worlds irrespective of (dis)abilities and on equal terms with everybody else. As a practice or a discipline, the theoretical and technical efforts conducive to achieving the lowering of barriers to equal access.

Action synchrony

In voice over, refers to matching the translation with the images what appear on screen to avoid mismatches between what audiences see and what they hear.

Activation

(neural activation, in artificial neural network):the (positive or negative) numeric value that each neural unit acquires (representing the intensity of “excitation”) from inputs and from being connected (with varying intensities) with other neural units. This is computed by adding the numeric values coming from other inputs or neural units after being multiplied by a positive or negative number representing the intensity in which those are interconnected, and, finally, by being subjected to a transformational mechanism (a non-linear mathematical function) modifying the results of the previous computations.

Actor network theory

a theory that ...