Introduction to Nonimaging Optics, 2nd Edition

Introduction to Nonimaging Optics, 2nd Edition

by Julio Chaves
Released December 2017
Publisher(s): CRC Press
ISBN: 9781482206746

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Book description

This book covers the theoretical foundations and design methods of nonimaging optics, as well as key concepts from related fields. The second edition features new material on the advantages of nonimaging optics, wavefronts for a prescribed output, infinitesimal étendue optics, Köhler optics, color mixing, the simultaneous multiple surface (SMS) design method in 3-D, integral invariants, and more. It contains 21 chapters, 24 fully worked and several other examples, and 1,000+ illustrations, including photos of real devices. It addresses applications from solar energy concentration to illumination.

Table of contents

  1. Cover Page
  2. Title Page
  3. Copyright Page
  4. Contents
  5. Preface
  6. Preface to the First Edition
  7. Acknowledgments
  8. Author
  9. List of Symbols
  10. List of Abbreviations
  11. Section I Nonimaging Optics
    1. 1 Why Use Nonimaging Optics
      1. 1.1 Area and Angle
      2. 1.2 Collimators: Illumination of a Large Receiver
      3. 1.3 Concentrators: Illumination of a Small Receiver
      4. 1.4 Collimators and Concentrators Summary
      5. 1.5 Collimators Tolerances
      6. 1.6 Concentrators Tolerances
      7. 1.7 Nonuniform Sources
      8. 1.8 Solar Concentrators
      9. 1.9 Light Flux
      10. 1.10 Wavefronts and the SMS
    2. 2 Fundamental Concepts
      1. 2.1 Introduction
      2. 2.2 Imaging and Nonimaging Optics
      3. 2.3 The Compound Parabolic Concentrator
      4. 2.4 Maximum Concentration
      5. 2.5 Examples
    3. 3 Design of Two-Dimensional Concentrators
      1. 3.1 Introduction
      2. 3.2 Concentrators for Sources at a Finite Distance
      3. 3.3 Concentrators for Tubular Receivers
      4. 3.4 Angle Transformers
      5. 3.5 The String Method
      6. 3.6 Optics with Dielectrics
      7. 3.7 Asymmetrical Optics
      8. 3.8 Examples
    4. 4 Étendue and the Winston–Welford Design Method
      1. 4.1 Introduction
      2. 4.2 Conservation of Étendue
      3. 4.3 Nonideal Optical Systems
      4. 4.4 Étendue as a Geometrical Quantity
      5. 4.5 Two-Dimensional Systems
      6. 4.6 Étendue as an Integral of the Optical Momentum
      7. 4.7 Étendue as a Volume in Phase Space
      8. 4.8 Étendue as a Difference in Optical Path Length
      9. 4.9 Flow-Lines
      10. 4.10 The Winston–Welford Design Method
      11. 4.11 Caustics as Flow-Lines
      12. 4.12 Maximum Concentration
      13. 4.13 Étendue and the Shape Factor
      14. 4.14 Examples
    5. 5 Vector Flux
      1. 5.1 Introduction
      2. 5.2 Definition of Vector Flux
      3. 5.3 Vector Flux as a Bisector of the Edge Rays
      4. 5.4 Vector Flux and Étendue
      5. 5.5 Vector Flux for Disk-Shaped Lambertian Sources
      6. 5.6 Design of Concentrators Using the Vector Flux
      7. 5.7 Examples
    6. 6 Combination of Primaries with Flow-Line Secondaries
      1. 6.1 Introduction
      2. 6.2 Reshaping the Receiver
      3. 6.3 Compound Elliptical Concentrator Secondary
      4. 6.4 Truncated Trumpet Secondary
      5. 6.5 Trumpet Secondary for a Large Receiver
      6. 6.6 Secondaries with Multiple Entry Apertures
      7. 6.7 Tailored Edge Ray Concentrators Designed for Maximum Concentration
      8. 6.8 Tailored Edge Ray Concentrators Designed for Lower Concentration
      9. 6.9 Fresnel Primaries
      10. 6.10 Tailored Edge Ray Concentrators for Fresnel Primaries
      11. 6.11 Examples
    7. 7 Stepped Flow-Line Nonimaging Optics
      1. 7.1 Introduction
      2. 7.2 Compact Concentrators
      3. 7.3 Concentrators with Gaps
      4. 7.4 Examples
    8. 8 Luminaires
      1. 8.1 Introduction
      2. 8.2 Luminaires for Large Source and Flat Mirrors
      3. 8.3 The General Approach for Flat Sources
      4. 8.4 Far-Edge Diverging Luminaires for Flat Sources
      5. 8.5 Far-Edge Converging Luminaires for Flat Sources
      6. 8.6 Near-Edge Diverging Luminaires for Flat Sources
      7. 8.7 Near-Edge Converging Luminaires for Flat Sources
      8. 8.8 Luminaires for Circular Sources
      9. 8.9 Examples
      10. Appendix A Mirror Differential Equation for Linear Sources
      11. Appendix B Mirror Differential Equation for Circular Sources
    9. 9 Miñano–Benitez Design Method (Simultaneous Multiple Surface)
      1. 9.1 Introduction
      2. 9.2 The RR Optic
      3. 9.3 SMS with a Thin Edge
      4. 9.4 The XR, RX, and XX Optics
      5. 9.5 The Miñano–Benitez Design Method with Generalized Wavefronts
      6. 9.6 The RXI Optic: Iterative Calculation
      7. 9.7 The RXI Optic: Direct Calculation
      8. 9.8 SMS Optical Path Length Adjustment
      9. 9.9 SMS 3-D
      10. 9.10 Asymmetric SMS 3-D
      11. 9.11 SMS 3-D with a Thin Edge
      12. 9.12 Other Types of Simultaneous Multiple Surface Optics
      13. 9.13 Examples
    10. 10 Wavefronts for Prescribed Output
      1. 10.1 Introduction
      2. 10.2 Wavefronts for Prescribed Intensity
      3. 10.3 Wavefronts for Prescribed Irradiance
      4. 10.4 Bundle Coupling and Prescribed Irradiance
    11. 11 Infinitesimal Étendue Optics
      1. 11.1 Introduction
      2. 11.2 Infinitesimal Étendue Optics
      3. 11.3 Continuous Optical Surfaces
      4. 11.4 Fresnel Optics
      5. 11.5 Finite Distance Source
      6. 11.6 Examples
    12. 12 Köhler Optics and Color-Mixing
      1. 12.1 Introduction
      2. 12.2 Köhler Optics
      3. 12.3 Solar Energy Concentration Based on Köhler Optics
      4. 12.4 Prescribed Irradiance Köhler Optics
      5. 12.5 Color-Mixing Based on Köhler Optics
      6. 12.6 SMS-Based Köhler Optics
      7. 12.7 Color-Mixing with Grooved Reflectors
      8. 12.8 Examples
    13. 13 The Miñano Design Method Using Poisson Brackets
      1. 13.1 Introduction
      2. 13.2 Design of Two-Dimensional Concentrators for Inhomogeneous Media
      3. 13.3 Edge Rays as a Tubular Surface in Phase Space
      4. 13.4 Poisson Brackets
      5. 13.5 Curvilinear Coordinate System
      6. 13.6 Design of Two-Dimensional Concentrators
      7. 13.7 An Example of an Ideal Two-Dimensional Concentrator
      8. 13.8 Design of Three-Dimensional Concentrators
      9. 13.9 An Example of an Ideal Three-Dimensional Concentrator
  12. Section II Geometrical Optics
    1. 14 Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Geometrical Optics
      1. 14.1 Fermat’s Principle
      2. 14.2 Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formulations
      3. 14.3 Optical Lagrangian and Hamiltonian
      4. 14.4 Another Form for the Hamiltonian Formulation
      5. 14.5 Change of Coordinate System in the Hamilton Equations
      6. 14.6 Integral Invariants
      7. 14.7 Movements of the System as Canonical Transformations
    2. 15 Rays and Wavefronts
      1. 15.1 Optical Momentum
      2. 15.2 The Eikonal Equation
      3. 15.3 The Ray Equation
      4. 15.4 Optical Path Length between Two Wavefronts
    3. 16 Reflection and Refraction
      1. 16.1 Reflected and Refracted Rays
      2. 16.2 The Laws of Reflection and Refraction
    4. 17 Symmetry
      1. 17.1 Conservation of Momentum and Apparent Refractive Index
      2. 17.2 Linear Symmetry
      3. 17.3 Circular Symmetry and Skew Invariant
    5. 18 Étendue in Phase Space
      1. 18.1 Étendue and the Point Characteristic Function
      2. 18.2 Étendue in Hamiltonian Optics
      3. 18.3 Integral Invariants and Étendue
      4. 18.4 Refraction, Reflection, and Étendue 2-D
      5. 18.5 Étendue 2-D Examples
    6. 19 Classical Mechanics and Geometrical Optics
      1. 19.1 Fermat’s Principle and Maupertuis’ Principle
      2. 19.2 Skew Invariant and Conservation of Angular Momentum
      3. 19.3 Potential in Mechanics and Refractive Index in Optics
    7. 20 Radiometry, Photometry, and Radiation Heat Transfer
      1. 20.1 Definitions
      2. 20.2 Conservation of Radiance in Homogeneous Media
      3. 20.3 Conservation of Basic Radiance in (Specular) Reflections and Refractions
      4. 20.4 Étendue and the Shape Factor
      5. 20.5 Two-Dimensional Systems
      6. 20.6 Illumination of a Plane
    8. 21 Plane Curves
      1. 21.1 General Considerations
      2. 21.2 Parabola
      3. 21.3 Ellipse
      4. 21.4 Hyperbola
      5. 21.5 Conics
      6. 21.6 Involute
      7. 21.7 Winding Macrofocal Parabola
      8. 21.8 Unwinding Macrofocal Parabola
      9. 21.9 Winding Macrofocal Ellipse
      10. 21.10 Unwinding Macrofocal Ellipse
      11. 21.11 Cartesian Oval for Parallel Rays
      12. 21.12 Cartesian Oval for Converging or Diverging Rays
      13. 21.13 Cartesian Ovals Calculated Point by Point
      14. 21.14 Equiangular Spiral
      15. 21.15 Functions Definitions
  13. Index

Product information

  • Title: Introduction to Nonimaging Optics, 2nd Edition
  • Author(s): Julio Chaves
  • Release date: December 2017
  • Publisher(s): CRC Press
  • ISBN: 9781482206746