The Basic Difference between ArcCatalog and ArcMap
The most general statement that can be made about ArcCatalog and ArcMap is this: ArcCatalog deals with the exploration, examination, and finding of geographic data sets; ArcMap uses those data sets to form layers that display maps and allows analysis of the underlying spatial data.

Get Introducing Geographic Information Systems with ArcGIS: A Workbook Approach to Learning GIS, 3rd Edition now with the O’Reilly learning platform.

O’Reilly members experience books, live events, courses curated by job role, and more from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers.