Who Participates in International Business?
1.3 Identify major participants in international business.
International business requires numerous organizations, with varying motives, to work together as a coordinated team, contributing different types of expertise and inputs. There are four major categories of participants.
A focal firm is the initiator of an international business transaction; it conceives, designs, and produces offerings intended for consumption by customers worldwide. Focal firms take center stage in international business. They are primarily large multinational enterprises (MNEs; also known as multinational corporations, or MNCs) and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Some are privately owned companies; others are ...
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