14Public finance challenges
Options for private investing in infrastructure are many, whereas options for investing public funds in infrastructure are few. Public investments in infrastructure favor wealthy nations who are likely to have mature capital markets, sound credit ratings, revenue-generating abilities including fees and taxes, and room to increase debt. Emerging economies have few options other than local banks and forms of concessional financing issued by development finance institutions (DFIs) and non-governmental finance organizations. Compared to commercial banks, the DFIs accept a higher risk in return for addressing beneficial social and/or environmental challenges. What all governments share across ...
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