Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

by V. Çağrı Güngör, Gerhard P. Hancke
Released December 2017
Publisher(s): CRC Press
ISBN: 9781351832502

Read it now on the O’Reilly learning platform with a 10-day free trial.

O’Reilly members get unlimited access to books, live events, courses curated by job role, and more from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers.

Start your free trial

Book description

Featuring contributions by researchers around the world, this book explores the state of the art in industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) and outlines future directions for research. It offers in-depth reviews of emerging and already-deployed applications and technologies, including radio and energy harvesting technologies. It also highlights technical challenges and design objectives and discusses issues critical to industrial applications, such as latency, fault tolerance, synchronization, network security, and cross-layer design. A chapter on standards emphasizes the need for specific wireless communication standards for industrial applications.

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Half Title
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright Page
  5. Dedication
  6. Table of Contents
  7. List of Figures
  8. List of Tables
  9. Preface
  10. Author Biographies
  11. 1 Applications of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
    1. 1.1 Introduction
    2. 1.2 Technological Challenges
    3. 1.3 Environmental Sensing Applications
      1. 1.3.1 Concept and Objectives
      2. 1.3.2 Existing Solutions
        1. 1.3.2.1 Pollution
        2. 1.3.2.2 Hazard
        3. 1.3.2.3 Security
    4. 1.4 Condition Monitoring Applications
      1. 1.4.1 Concept and Objectives
      2. 1.4.2 Existing Solutions
        1. 1.4.2.1 Structural Health Monitoring
        2. 1.4.2.2 Equipment Condition Monitoring
        3. 1.4.2.3 Human Being Monitoring
    5. 1.5 Process and Service Monitoring Applications
      1. 1.5.1 Concept and Objectives
      2. 1.5.2 Existing Solutions
        1. 1.5.2.1 Process and Service Provision Evaluation
        2. 1.5.2.2 Process and Service Provision Improvement
    6. 1.6 Commercial Solutions for IWSN
    7. 1.7 Conclusions
    8. References
  12. 2 Machine Condition Monitoring with Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
    1. 2.1 Introduction
    2. 2.2 System Requirements of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
      1. 2.2.1 Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks Application Cases
      2. 2.2.2 System Requirements of IWSNs
    3. 2.3 Resource Constraint versus Higher System Requirements
      1. 2.3.1 Resource Constrained Wireless Sensor Nodes
      2. 2.3.2 Resource Constraints versus Higher System Requirements
    4. 2.4 Standards and Protocols of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
      1. 2.4.1 ZigBee
      2. 2.4.2 WirelessHART
      3. 2.4.3 ISA100.11a
      4. 2.4.4 Other Protocols for IWSNs
    5. 2.5 On-sensor Data Processing for IWSNs
      1. 2.5.1 Experimental System Architecture
      2. 2.5.2 Experimental Validation
    6. 2.6 Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Nodes
    7. 2.7 Conclusions
    8. References
  13. 3 Wireless Sensor Networks for Intelligent Transportation Applications: A Survey
    1. 3.1 Introduction
    2. 3.2 Traffic Monitoring and Control System
    3. 3.3 Intelligent Car Park Management System
      1. 3.3.1 WSN-Based Car Park Management System
      2. 3.3.2 Sensor Technology
    4. 3.4 Intra-Vehicle Applications
      1. 3.4.1 Intra-Vehicle Communication Link Quality Studies
      2. 3.4.2 UWB-Based WSN
      3. 3.4.3 Other Issues
    5. 3.5 Road Safety
      1. 3.5.1 Road Sensor Networks
      2. 3.5.2 Vehicular Sensor Networks (VSNs) for Road Safety
    6. 3.6 Implementation Issues
      1. 3.6.1 Interference
      2. 3.6.2 Power Consumption
      3. 3.6.3 Security Issues
    7. 3.7 Conclusions
    8. References
  14. 4 Design Challenges and Objectives in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
    1. 4.1 Introduction
    2. 4.2 Applications and Requirements for Industrial Automation
      1. 4.2.1 Targeted Applications
      2. 4.2.2 Requirements
      3. 4.2.3 Design Objectives
    3. 4.3 Research Challenges
      1. 4.3.1 Safety
      2. 4.3.2 Security
      3. 4.3.3 Availability
      4. 4.3.4 Real-time Performance
      5. 4.3.5 System Integration and Deployment
      6. 4.3.6 Coexistence and Interference Avoidance
      7. 4.3.7 Energy Consumption
    4. 4.4 Conclusions
    5. References
  15. 5 Resource Management and Scheduling in WSNs Powered by Ambient Energy Harvesting
    1. 5.1 Introduction
    2. 5.2 Algorithms
      1. 5.2.1 SSEA and ASEA Schemes
      2. 5.2.2 A Practical Flow Control Scheme
      3. 5.2.3 Fixed Power (FP), Minimum-Interference (MI), and Multi-Sink (MS) Power Allocation Schemes
      4. 5.2.4 QuickFix/SnapIt Algorithms
      5. 5.2.5 DRABP and NRABP Schemes
      6. 5.2.6 Duty Cycling and Power Management Algorithm
      7. 5.2.7 MAX-UTILITY and MAX-UTILITY-D Algorithms
      8. 5.2.8 NetOnline Algorithm
      9. 5.2.9 The Joint Rate Control, Power Allocation, and Routing Algorithm
    3. 5.3 Comparison of the Algorithms
    4. 5.4 Conclusions
    5. References
  16. 6 Energy Harvesting Techniques for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
    1. 6.1 Introduction
    2. 6.2 Wireless Sensor Networks for Industrial Applications
      1. 6.2.1 Challenges
      2. 6.2.2 Design Goals
    3. 6.3 Energy Harvesting Techniques for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
      1. 6.3.1 Solar Energy Harvesting
      2. 6.3.2 Thermal Energy Harvesting
      3. 6.3.3 Vibration-Based Energy Harvesting
      4. 6.3.4 Air Flow Energy Harvesting
      5. 6.3.5 Acoustic Energy Harvesting
      6. 6.3.6 Magnetic Field Energy Harvesting
      7. 6.3.7 Electromagnetic Wave Energy Harvesting
      8. 6.3.8 Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting
      9. 6.3.9 Envisaged Energy Harvesting Solutions
    4. 6.4 Open Research Issues
    5. 6.5 Conclusions
    6. References
  17. 7 Fault Tolerant Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
    1. 7.1 Introduction
    2. 7.2 Faults in IWSNs
      1. 7.2.1 Sources of Faults in IWSNs
      2. 7.2.2 Fault Detection in IWSNs
      3. 7.2.3 Fault Recovery in IWSNs
      4. 7.2.4 Network Faults in IWSNs
    3. 7.3 Fault Handling in IWSN Standards
      1. 7.3.1 ZigBee Networks
      2. 7.3.2 WirelessHART Networks
      3. 7.3.3 ISA100.11a Networks
    4. 7.4 Fault-Tolerant IWSN Design
      1. 7.4.1 Fault Tolerant Routing
      2. 7.4.2 Fault Tolerant Node Placement and Clustering
    5. 7.5 Conclusions
    6. References
  18. 8 Network Architectures for Delay Critical Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
    1. 8.1 Introduction
    2. 8.2 Industrial Applications and Settings
      1. 8.2.1 IWSN Applications
        1. 8.2.1.1 Monitoring Applications
        2. 8.2.1.2 Cable Replacement Applications
      2. 8.2.2 Why (and Why Not) Wireless in an I(W)SN?
    3. 8.3 A View on a Distributed Control System
      1. 8.3.1 Challenges in IWSNs
    4. 8.4 Delay Sensitive Networks
      1. 8.4.1 Proposed Mechanisms
        1. 8.4.1.1 Early Retirement (ER)
        2. 8.4.1.2 Variable Redundancy Error Correction (PHY+)
        3. 8.4.1.3 Enhanced MAC for Delay Sensitive Networks (MAC+)
      2. 8.4.2 Simulations
        1. 8.4.2.1 ER and PHY+ Simulations and Discussions
        2. 8.4.2.2 MAC+ Simulations and Discussions
        3. 8.4.2.3 General Discussions
    5. 8.5 Conclusions
    6. References
  19. 9 Network Synchronization in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
    1. 9.1 Introduction
    2. 9.2 Clocks
    3. 9.3 Network Synchronization Protocols for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
      1. 9.3.1 Timing-Sync Protocol for Sensor Networks (TPSN)
      2. 9.3.2 Reference Broadcast Synchronization (RBS)
      3. 9.3.3 Random Time Source Protocol
      4. 9.3.4 Kalman-Based Industrial Wireless Sensor Network Synchronization
      5. 9.3.5 Mutual Network Synchronization
    4. 9.4 Parameter Estimation in Network Synchronization for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
    5. 9.5 Conclusions
    6. References
  20. 10 Wireless Control Networks with Real-Time Constraints
    1. 10.1 Introduction
    2. 10.2 The Wireless Control Network and the Industrial Setting
    3. 10.3 Wireless Network Alternatives
      1. 10.3.1 IEEE 802.11
      2. 10.3.2 IEEE 802.11 with Cooperative Medium Access Control Protocol (COMAC)
      3. 10.3.3 IEEE 802.15.4
    4. 10.4 Wireless Model Based Predictive Networked Control System (WMBPNCS)
      1. 10.4.1 The Plant and the Control Algorithm
    5. 10.5 Case Studies
      1. 10.5.1 Performance Using IEEE 802.11
      2. 10.5.2 Performance Using COMAC
      3. 10.5.3 Performance Using IEEE 802.15.4
    6. 10.6 Conclusions
    7. References
  21. 11 Medium Access Control and Routing in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
    1. 11.1 Introduction
    2. 11.2 Taxonomy of MAC Protocols
      1. 11.2.1 Requirements of IWSNs at the MAC Layer
      2. 11.2.2 Outline of Standardization Activities at the MAC Layer
      3. 11.2.3 MAC Protocols Proposed for IWSNs
      4. 11.2.4 WSN MAC Protocols with Latency Bound and to Support Real-Time Operation
      5. 11.2.5 WSN MAC Protocols with Other Objectives Related to the Requirements of IWSNs
      6. 11.2.6 Classification
    3. 11.3 Taxonomy of Routing Protocols
      1. 11.3.1 Routing Requirements of IWSNs
      2. 11.3.2 Standardization Efforts for Routing
      3. 11.3.3 Routing Protocols Proposed for IWSNs
      4. 11.3.4 WSN Routing Protocols with QoS Guarantee for Reliability and Timeliness
      5. 11.3.5 Classification
    4. 11.4 Cross Layer Protocols
    5. 11.5 Future Research Directions / Open Problems
    6. 11.6 Conclusions
    7. References
  22. 12 QoS-Aware Routing for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
    1. 12.1 Introduction
    2. 12.2 Industrial Applications: QoS Requirements and Key Performance Indicators
      1. 12.2.1 Classification Based on Type of Application Data
      2. 12.2.2 Classification Based on Application Data Criticality
      3. 12.2.3 Key Performance Indicators
    3. 12.3 General Considerations for Routing in Industrial Environments
      1. 12.3.1 WSN Topologies in Industrial Scenarios
      2. 12.3.2 Challenges
        1. 12.3.2.1 Low Power Operation & Delay
        2. 12.3.2.2 Lossy Connectivity & Reliability
        3. 12.3.2.3 Memory Footprint & Control Overhead
        4. 12.3.2.4 Conflicting QoS Requirements
        5. 12.3.2.5 Resource Allocation & Priority
    4. 12.4 Current Approaches for Routing in Industrial Environments
      1. 12.4.1 WirelessHART & ISA100
      2. 12.4.2 ZigBee
      3. 12.4.3 Proprietary Wireless Sensing in IWSN
      4. 12.4.4 RPL
      5. 12.4.5 Metrics for QoS Aware Routing
        1. 12.4.5.1 Single Metric Routing
        2. 12.4.5.2 Multiple Metric Routing
    5. 12.5 Conclusions
    6. 12.6 Glossary
    7. References
  23. 13 Reliable and Robust Communications in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
    1. 13.1 Introduction
    2. 13.2 DSC Information Quality and Resource Allocation
      1. 13.2.1 Definition of Information Quality with Multirate DSC Compression Dependency
      2. 13.2.2 Resource Allocation for Multirate Wireless Transmissions
    3. 13.3 Channel Coding
      1. 13.3.1 Hamming Codes
      2. 13.3.2 Reed-Solomon (RS) Codes
      3. 13.3.3 Cross-Layer Design
    4. 13.4 Information Efficiency Optimization Problem Formulation
    5. 13.5 Cross-Layer Design Performance
      1. 13.5.1 Selective Channel Coding
    6. 13.6 Conclusions
    7. References
  24. 14 Network Security in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
    1. 14.1 Introduction
    2. 14.2 Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
      1. 14.2.1 Lifecycle of a Sensor
      2. 14.2.2 Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Energy Supply and Demand Optimization
    3. 14.3 Security Challenges in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
      1. 14.3.1 Resource Constraints
      2. 14.3.2 Scalability
      3. 14.3.3 Mobility Support
      4. 14.3.4 Intermittent Connectivity
      5. 14.3.5 Privacy
    4. 14.4 Authentication and Network Access Control
      1. 14.4.1 Bootstrapping
      2. 14.4.2 Authentication and Network Access Control
      3. 14.4.3 Mobility-Supported Authentication
      4. 14.4.4 Discussion
    5. 14.5 Key Management
      1. 14.5.1 Key Pre-distribution
      2. 14.5.2 Key Update
      3. 14.5.3 Discussion
    6. 14.6 Security Maintenance
      1. 14.6.1 Software Update
      2. 14.6.2 Discussion
    7. 14.7 Privacy Management
      1. 14.7.1 Pseudonymity
      2. 14.7.2 Anonymization Techniques
      3. 14.7.3 Discussion
    8. 14.8 Conclusions
    9. References
  25. 15 Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks in Industrial Applications
    1. 15.1 Introduction
    2. 15.2 Advantages of CRSN for Industrial Applications
    3. 15.3 CRSN Architecture for Industrial Applications
    4. 15.4 Spectrum Management Requirements of CRSN in Industrial Applications
      1. 15.4.1 Spectrum Sensing
      2. 15.4.2 Spectrum Decision
      3. 15.4.3 Spectrum Mobility
    5. 15.5 Communication Protocol Requirements of CRSN in Industrial Applications
      1. 15.5.1 Cognitive Physical Layer
      2. 15.5.2 Spectrum-Aware Collaborative Medium Access Control
      3. 15.5.3 Spectrum-Aware Event-Oriented Routing
      4. 15.5.4 Reliable and Spectrum-Aware Event Transport
    6. 15.6 Conclusions
    7. References
  26. 16 Industrial WSN Standards
    1. 16.1 Introduction
    2. 16.2 History
    3. 16.3 Regulations and Standards
      1. 16.3.1 Regulations
      2. 16.3.2 Standards
      3. 16.3.3 Specifications
    4. 16.4 Industrial Requirements
    5. 16.5 IEEE 802.15.4
      1. 16.5.1 Introduction
      2. 16.5.2 Protocol Overview
    6. 16.6 WirelessHART
      1. 16.6.1 Protocol Overview
      2. 16.6.2 Protocol Features
    7. 16.7 ISA100.11a
      1. 16.7.1 Protocol Overview
      2. 16.7.2 Protocol Features
    8. 16.8 WIA-PA
      1. 16.8.1 Protocol Overview
      2. 16.8.2 Protocol Features
    9. 16.9 Conclusions
    10. 16.10 Glossary
    11. References
  27. Index

Product information

  • Title: Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Author(s): V. Çağrı Güngör, Gerhard P. Hancke
  • Release date: December 2017
  • Publisher(s): CRC Press
  • ISBN: 9781351832502