Chapter 5. Audio and Video

There was a time when the Internet was primarily a way to share academic research. Then things changed and the Web grew into a news and commerce powerhouse. Today the Internet’s state-of-the-art networking technology is used less for physics calculations and more for spreading viral videos of piano-playing kittens across the planet. And network colossus Cisco reports that the trend isn’t slowing down, estimating that a staggering 80 percent of all Internet traffic will be video by 2017.

Amazingly, this monumental change happened despite the fact that—up until now—the HTML language had no built-in support for video or audio. Instead, Web surfers of the recent past relied on the Flash plug-in, which worked for most people, most of the time. But Flash has a few key gaps, including the fact that Apple devices (like iPhones and iPads) refuse to support it.

HTML5 solves these problems by adding the <audio> and <video> elements that HTML has been missing all these years. However, the transition to HTML5 audio and video has been far from seamless. Browser makers spent a few years locked in a heated name-calling, finger-pointing format war. The good news today is that much of the dust has settled, and HTML5 audio and video have become good choices for even the most cautious web developer.

The Evolution of Web Video

Without HTML5, you have a couple of ways to add video to a web page. One old-fashioned approach is to shoehorn it into a page with the <embed> element. ...

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