Go to View | Tool Windows and take a look at the available options, as shown in the following screenshot:
These tool windows are what I'd like to call panels, which can be displayed and dynamically arranged within a project window.
If you have used a text editor to write Python code, think about the process of running a Python program—you would (typically) edit the code using the editing software, then open a Terminal and run a Python command to execute the Python script. Here, in PyCharm, you can have a Terminal panel in the same window as your editor (notice the last option in the preceding ...