Chapter 30

Squaring the Circular Economy

The Role of Recycling within a Hierarchy of Material Management Strategies

Julian M. Allwood     Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Abstract

The idea of a circular economy, in which a fixed quantity of material is repeatedly recycled, is a compelling one. However, many materials cannot be recycled. Most materials that are recycled today are downgraded in the process and, for some materials, recycling is more energy intensive than new production. Recycling must therefore be seen as one option in a hierarchy of material management strategies: overall demand for materials can be reduced by a reduction in total purchasing or by making lighter products that last longer; ...

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