CHAPTER 1

Global Demographic Trends

An Incredible Growth of Human Population

Throughout most of human history, for thousands of years, the world population growth has been very slow. For instance, it is estimated that the world’s population grew slowly from about 2.4 million people in 10,000 BCE to 295 million in 1,000 CE [1]. Only 200 years ago there were less than one billion human beings living on earth. Since the 18th century with the advent of industrial revolution and advances in medicine, agriculture, and sanitation, the world population has increased exponentially. Around the 1830s, the world population reached one billion for the first time. It took another century for the world population to hit two billion around the 1930s. The third ...

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