Preface

In the science that is statistics, correlation is a term used to describe the kind and degree of relationship that exists between two or more variables. As such, correlated data occurs at various levels. Correlation can occur whenever two or more dependent variables (also referred to as response variables or outcome variables) are measured on the same individual or experimental unit. Such correlation is often classified and studied under the heading of multivariate analysis. However, even when restricted to a single response variable, correlation can occur when repeated measurements of the response are taken over time on individuals (longitudinal data), or when observations from individuals are grouped into distinct homogeneous clusters ...

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